<div dir="ltr"><div><div><div>On epenthetic consonants:<br><br></div>An old source, actually a classic, with plenty of examples from diverse languages is<br><br></div>Maurice Grammont. [1933] 1965. Traité de phonétique. Paris: Librairie Delagrave.<br><br></div>Henning Andersen<br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Sep 14, 2017 at 9:05 AM, <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:histling-l-request@mailman.yale.edu" target="_blank">histling-l-request@mailman.yale.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Send histling-l mailing list submissions to<br>
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Today's Topics:<br>
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1. Re: excrescence by regular rule? (Paolo Ramat)<br>
<br>
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<br>
Message: 1<br>
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2017 11:00:40 +0200<br>
From: "Paolo Ramat" <<a href="mailto:paoram@unipv.it">paoram@unipv.it</a>><br>
Subject: Re: [Histling-l] excrescence by regular rule?<br>
To: "Geoffrey Nathan" <<a href="mailto:geoffnathan@wayne.edu">geoffnathan@wayne.edu</a>>, "Alex Francois"<br>
<<a href="mailto:alex.francois.cnrs@gmail.com">alex.francois.cnrs@gmail.com</a>><wbr>, "Martha Ratliff" <<a href="mailto:ac6000@wayne.edu">ac6000@wayne.edu</a>><br>
Cc: <a href="mailto:histling-l@mailman.yale.edu">histling-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
Message-ID: <<wbr>CDAF35ED6DAD43C08A7EB0CAE1906F<wbr>49@PaoloPC><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="UTF-8";<br>
reply-type=original<br>
<br>
Alex Fran?ois has rightly quote the OGr. ex.<br>
???? /an?r/ 'man',<br>
genitive ?????? /andr-os/ < *anr-os<br>
Note that along with Nom.Pl. ?ndres we have also an?:res (and also Gen.Sg.<br>
an?ros, Dat.Sg. an?ri, etc. ). This proves that the phonetic rule of<br>
consonant insertion may be overruled by a paradigm regularization rule<br>
(in this case on the basis of Nom. Sg. ???? /an?r/).<br>
<br>
Paolo<br>
<br>
Prof.Paolo Ramat<br>
Universit? di Pavia (retired)<br>
Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS Pavia, retired)<br>
Societas Linguist. Europ., Honorary Member<br>
<br>
Piazzetta Arduino 11<br>
I ? 27100 Pavia<br>
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<br>
-----Messaggio originale-----<br>
From: Geoffrey Nathan<br>
Sent: Thursday, September 14, 2017 4:31 AM<br>
To: Alex Francois ; Martha Ratliff<br>
Cc: <a href="mailto:histling-l@mailman.yale.edu">histling-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
Subject: Re: [Histling-l] excrescence by regular rule?<br>
<br>
Just to pile on here, there are numerous cases in English as well, although<br>
I don't know whether these epenthetic stops are 'regular' or just frequent.<br>
But we have inserted 'b's in:<br>
<br>
crumble, bumble, bramble, fumble, jumble, tumble, mumble and nimble (source:<br>
World Wide Words)<br>
<br>
and probably more.<br>
<br>
And, of course, there are the epenthetic voiceless stops in 'Hampstead,<br>
hamster, spinster, Springsteen...'. These are non-systematic in that some of<br>
them are orthographic, (Hampstead), some are regular but not spelled (I<br>
don't think anyone says 'hamster' without a /p/ ), but some are probably<br>
variable ('Chomsky', for example). T<br>
<br>
here's a small phonological literature on how and whether the fleeting [p]<br>
is phonologized or not (I think Bruce Hayes wrote on this but it's too late<br>
at night to look it up).<br>
<br>
<br>
Geoff<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Geoffrey S. Nathan<br>
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From: <a href="mailto:histling-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">histling-l-bounces@mailman.<wbr>yale.edu</a><br>
<<a href="mailto:histling-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">histling-l-bounces@mailman.<wbr>yale.edu</a>> on behalf of Alex Francois<br>
<<a href="mailto:alex.francois.cnrs@gmail.com">alex.francois.cnrs@gmail.com</a>><br>
Sent: Wednesday, September 13, 2017 6:08 PM<br>
To: Martha Ratliff<br>
Cc: <a href="mailto:histling-l@mailman.yale.edu">histling-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
Subject: Re: [Histling-l] excrescence by regular rule?<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
??dear Martha, dear all,<br>
<br>
<br>
> I had always thought of excrescence as a sound change that operates on<br>
> individual words in an unpredictable fashion<br>
I think such processes of epenthesis are often quite regular, and easily<br>
explained.<br>
In the examples you cite, consonant epenthesis (I haven't heard the term<br>
"excrescence") result from a simple rule whereby a nasal consonant is<br>
denasalised when it comes in contact with a non-nasal consonant, e.g. *mr ><br>
*mbr; *nr > *ndr...<br>
<br>
<br>
Such processes are very regular indeed in Indo-European. Old French has<br>
inherited many forms from Latin which underwent a syncope, resulting in<br>
consonant epenthesis between the consonants now in contact. Here are a few<br>
examples:<br>
<br>
<br>
Fr. sembler < Lat. *sim(i)l?re ?seem?<br>
ensemble < *in-sim(u)l ?together?<br>
<br>
trembler < *trem(u)l?re ?shiver?<br>
combler < *cum(u)l?re ?fill up?<br>
<br>
<br>
chambre < *cam(e)ra ?room?<br>
nombre < *num(e)rum ?number?<br>
Eng. remember < O.Fr. remembrer < Late Lat. *re-mem(o)r?re<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
cendre < *cin(e)rem ?ashes?<br>
<br>
tendre < *ten(e)rum ?tender, soft?<br>
pondre < *p?n(e)re ?lay (egg)?<br>
coudre < *c?s(e)re < consuere ?sew?<br>
moudre < mol(e)re ?grind?<br>
poudre < *polre < *pulvere ?dust, powder?<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
(?NB: after I wrote this, I just realised Matthieu's post, who also cites<br>
some examples of Romance.)<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
See also Greek<br>
???? /an?r/ 'man',<br>
genitive ?????? /andr-os/ < *anr-os<br>
<br>
????????? /mes-?mbria/ 'mid-day, South' < *mes-?mr-ia<br>
(cf. ????? *h?m?ra 'day')<br>
<br>
???????? /ambrotos/ 'immortal' < *a-mro-to-s < *n?-mr?-t-o-s [cf. Skr ????<br>
am?ta]<br>
(hence Eng. ambrosia)<br>
<br>
<br>
______<br>
Finally, the phenomenon is also known in the Oceanic languages of Vanuatu<br>
where I work. In Malakula (an island with 42 different languages!) it is<br>
common to find languages whose phoneme inventories include two prenasalised<br>
trills. Phonologically, these are:<br>
an alveolar trill /?r/<br>
a bilabial trill /??/<br>
<br>
<br>
Quite expectedly, the phonetic realisation of these two phonemes is<br>
respectively [ndr] and [mb?]. Try them at home: I find it difficult to<br>
pronounce sequences /nr/ and /m?/ without inserting these transitional<br>
sounds. :-)<br>
<br>
<br>
best<br>
Alex<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
? _________<br>
Alex Fran?ois<br>
<br>
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Australian National University, Canberra<br>
Academia page ? Personal homepage<br>
Les Carnets du LaCiTO<br>
?Prochainement au LaCiTOOn 13 September 2017 at 20:46, Martha Ratliff <<a href="mailto:ac6000@wayne.edu">ac6000@wayne.edu</a>> wrote:<br>
<br>
Does anyone know of a reconstruction in which someone has posited a regular<br>
change involving insertion of a consonant between two other consonants? I<br>
had always thought of excrescence as a sound change that operates on<br>
individual words in an unpredictable fashion (that is, the low-level<br>
transitional consonant is phonologized unpredictably), but am wondering if<br>
there are cases where someone believes it to have operated in a regular,<br>
rule-governed fashion to an entire set of words.<br>
I am especially interested in insertions of the ?thimble?/?hombre? type, but<br>
would be interested in examples of the ?Hampshire? type as well.<br>
Many thanks in advance!<br>
<br>
Martha Ratliff<br>
<br>
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End of histling-l Digest, Vol 5, Issue 6<br>
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</blockquote></div><br></div>