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Thank you for all insightful perspectives.</div>
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I have a feeling that the issue is closely intertwined with the concept of "auteurism".</div>
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For one example:</div>
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<div class="elementToProof"><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">"Bergman then briefly considered the possibility of working in America; his next film,
<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Serpent%27s_Egg_(film)" id="OWA7e6375f9-772b-3810-36a5-9a216cc42be7" class="OWAAutoLink" title="The Serpent's Egg (film)" data-loopstyle="linkonly">The Serpent's Egg</a></i> (1977) was a West German-U.S. production
and his second English-language film (the first being <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Touch_(1971_film)" id="OWA9124d0f6-8ec6-59d0-a966-63938d0bda13" class="OWAAutoLink" title="The Touch (1971 film)" data-loopstyle="linkonly">The Touch</a></i>,
1971). This was followed by a British-Norwegian co-production, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autumn_Sonata" id="OWA604ad2cf-bf7c-4522-7067-74c0b8b942d7" class="OWAAutoLink" title="Autumn Sonata" data-loopstyle="linkonly">Autumn Sonata</a></i> (<i>Höstsonaten</i>,
1978) starring <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" id="OWA30706550-22e0-3679-51a6-30f0d40e0ab6" class="OWAAutoLink" title="Ingrid Bergman" data-loopstyle="linkonly">
Ingrid Bergman</a> (no relation) and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liv_Ullmann" id="OWA656c52e5-15d8-6b53-416f-4ddd90d86d47" class="OWAAutoLink" title="Liv Ullmann" data-loopstyle="linkonly">
Liv Ullmann</a>, and <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From_the_Life_of_the_Marionettes" id="OWA173b34a6-5f88-3303-1deb-8ea41e86d970" class="OWAAutoLink" title="From the Life of the Marionettes" data-loopstyle="linkonly">From the Life of the Marionettes</a></i> (<i>Aus
dem Leben der Marionetten</i>, 1980) which was a British-West German co-production."</span></div>
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</span></div>
<div class="elementToProof"><span style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">I personally feel that
<i>Autumn Sonata, </i>for instance, is an intensely "Swedish" film, regardless of the fact that Ingmar Bergman had exiled to Munich and could no longer rely on funding from the Swedish Film Institute et al.</span></div>
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</span></div>
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<div style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Mats Karlsson, Ph.D.<br>
Senior Lecturer in Japanese Studies<br>
School of Languages and Cultures<br>
The University of Sydney<br>
NSW 2006 AUSTRALIA<br>
Tel: +61 2 9351 4715 Fax: +61 2 9351 2319</span></div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> KineJapan <kinejapan-bounces@mailman.yale.edu> on behalf of Claire-Akiko Brisset via KineJapan <kinejapan@mailman.yale.edu><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, 2 February 2024 7:45 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Japanese Cinema Discussion Forum <kinejapan@mailman.yale.edu><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Claire-Akiko Brisset <Claire-Akiko.Brisset@unige.ch><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [KineJapan] [EXTERNAL] 2024 Oscars</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div style="line-break:after-white-space">An other example, maybe less known, is the last film shot by Josef von Sternberg,
<i>Anatahan</i>, produced by Daiwa Puro and selected for the Golden Lion competition at the Mostra in 1953. The staff and actors are all Japanese, although the scenario was written by Sternberg after a book by Maruyama Michirô.
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<div>Best wishes,<br>
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<div>Claire-Akiko Brisset<br>
PO histoire culturelle du Japon<br>
Directrice du département ESTAS<br>
Faculté des lettres<br>
Université de Genève<br>
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<blockquote type="cite">
<div>Le 2 févr. 2024 à 07:27, Eija Niskanen via KineJapan <kinejapan@mailman.yale.edu> a écrit :</div>
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Exactly. I guess the Lord of the Rings trilogy never competed in national New Zealand film awards, although the director is Newzealandese and the films were shot on location in New Zealand.
<div>Eija</div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="x_gmail_attr">pe 2. helmik. 2024 klo 4.52 Schermann Susanne via KineJapan (<a href="mailto:kinejapan@mailman.yale.edu">kinejapan@mailman.yale.edu</a>) kirjoitti:<br>
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Dear all,<br>
In my humble opinion, the nationality of a film does not depend on the nationality of the director or any person involved, but on the production company or where the money comes from. For co-productions, you normally go by the major contributor, but it is not
always that obvious, and there is a grey zone.<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
Usually, nominations for film festivals and the like are done by the production companies, not by the directors or other individuals.<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
It's the economy, after all. Money makes the world go round, or does it<br>
Susanne<br>
<br>
<br>
> ----- Original Message -----<br>
><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
> From: "Japanese Cinema Discussion Forum" <<a href="mailto:kinejapan@mailman.yale.edu" target="_blank">kinejapan@mailman.yale.edu</a>><br>
> To: "Gerow Aaron" <<a href="mailto:aaron.gerow@yale.edu" target="_blank">aaron.gerow@yale.edu</a>><br>
> Cc: "Peter Larson" <<a href="mailto:pslarson2@gmail.com" target="_blank">pslarson2@gmail.com</a>>; "Japanese Cinema Discussion Forum" <<a href="mailto:kinejapan@mailman.yale.edu" target="_blank">kinejapan@mailman.yale.edu</a>><br>
> Date: 2024/01/24 水 22:27<br>
> Subject: Re: [KineJapan] [EXTERNAL] 2024 Oscars<br>
><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
> My friend Roger Walch, from Switzerland who lives in Osaka, is a<br>
> Japanese filmmaker as well. He recently made a film starring Japanese<br>
> folk music hero Mikami Kan and shows his films throughout Japan.<br>
><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
> Yes, that was a plug.<br>
><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
> On Wed, Jan 24, 2024 at 8:11 AM Gerow Aaron <<a href="mailto:aaron.gerow@yale.edu" target="_blank">aaron.gerow@yale.edu</a>> wrote:<br>
> ><br>
> > The current controversy over Miss Japan shows that the ideological bond between race, language, and nationality is still strong in Japan, at least. To many, only certain people can “represent” Japan.<br>
> ><br>
> ><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://protect-au.mimecast.com/s/OgmACL7EwMfkZGQQrtBxP6R?domain=bbc.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-68078061</a><br>
> ><br>
> > Aaron<br>
> ><br>
> _______________________________________________<br>
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<span class="x_gmail_signature_prefix" style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:13px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; text-decoration:none">--<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:13px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; text-decoration:none">
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<div>Eija Niskanen</div>
<div>Programming director</div>
<div>Helsinki Cine Aasia, March 16.-19.2023</div>
<div><a href="https://protect-au.mimecast.com/s/t4xUCNLJyQUZGOjj8tjNAoU?domain=helsinkicineaasia.fi/" target="_blank">www.helsinkicineaasia.fi</a><br>
+358-50-355 3189<br>
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message est envoyé depuis une adresse extérieure à l’UNIGE, soyez vigilant-es (expéditeur, pièces jointes).</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:13px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; text-decoration:none">
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message is sent from an address outside UNIGE, be careful (sender, content).</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:13px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; text-decoration:none">
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