<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:12pt"><div><span>Paul is quite intentionally painting only a partial picture of the work that is being done in the desert southwest. The link below will take you to a more complete documentation of the work being done by the Southwest Monarch Study which is who Joe tags for. Thanks.</span></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px; font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;"><span><br></span></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px; font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;"><span><a
href="https://www.facebook.com/SouthwestMonarchStudy">https://www.facebook.com/SouthwestMonarchStudy</a><br></span></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px; font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px; font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;">chris</div><div></div><div> </div><div><b></b> </div><div><br>Chris Kline <br>Sugar Grove, Ohio</div><div>To learn more about my Tony Spencer Mystery Series and my Butterfly books visit: <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://beeryridge.yolasite.com/">http://beeryridge.yolasite.com</a></div><div> </div><div> </div><div class="yahoo_quoted" style="display: block;"> <br> <br> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue,
'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <div dir="ltr"> <font size="2" face="Arial"> On Wednesday, December 4, 2013 1:30 PM, Paul Cherubini <monarch@saber.net> wrote:<br> </font> </div> <div class="y_msg_container">Earlier this year Rachael Derbyshire, a Canadian graduate student, and<br>her faculty advisers concluded, based on flight testing in an artificial flight <br>simulator,<br><a href="http://imageshack.com/a/img28/4354/ybo7.jpg" target="_blank">http://imageshack.com/a/img28/4354/ybo7.jpg </a>that fall migrant monarchs <br>are not true navigators <br><a href="http://imageshack.com/a/img208/5305/s452.jpg" target="_blank">http://imageshack.com/a/img208/5305/s452.jpg</a><br><a href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/how-monarch-butterflies-find-their-way-to-mexico-1.1302747"
target="_blank">http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/how-monarch-butterflies-find-their-way-to-mexico-1.1302747</a><br>Here's an 8 minute interview with Rachael where she describes how <br>fall migrants she tested in the flight simulator in Ontario headed southwest <br>towards Mexico. She then drove them to Calgary, Alberta, tested them<br>again and found they still oriented to the southwest. So she and her<br>faculty advisers concluded fall migrants are not true navigators because<br>after being transported to Calgary the butterflies failed to head <br>southeast in the flight simulator, towards their final overwintering destination <br>in central Mexico <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/quirks/media/2012-2013/qq-2013-04-13_03.mp3" target="_blank">http://www.cbc.ca/quirks/media/2012-2013/qq-2013-04-13_03.mp3</a><br><br>But this fall as well as in 2008 and 2010, a self-taught naturalist, Joe Billings <br>of Vail, Arizona <a
href="http://imageshack.com/a/img22/3729/2ksr.jpg" target="_blank">http://imageshack.com/a/img22/3729/2ksr.jpg</a><br>acquired tagging evidence that shows fall migrants are not behaviorally<br>locked into flying southwest or in other southerly directions in the fall to<br>find the refrigerator-like climates where they overwinter. The nearest<br>refrigerator-like winter climate to southeastern Arizona is the central<br>California coast and Joe found that fall migrants tagged in southeastern <br>Arizona during the first three weeks of September routinely fly northwest to<br>the overwintering sites along the cold central California coast, hence they <br>are true navigators. In other words, Joe's butterflies were capable of <br>orienting themselves in northwesterly directions - in the autumn - towards <br>a geographical region that is thermally suitable for keeping them alive <br>during the fall and winter months.<br><br>Specifically, two of a mere 51
fall migrants Joe tagged on Sept. 20, 2013<br>at Elgin, Arizona (near the Mexican border) were resighted at <br>overwintering sites on the central California coast in October and November, <br>hence there can be little reasonable doubt that most of them flew northwest<br>to the central California coast <a href="http://imageshack.com/a/img23/1631/0lcq.jpg" target="_blank">http://imageshack.com/a/img23/1631/0lcq.jpg</a><br><a href="http://imageshack.com/a/img89/2118/zwys.jpg" target="_blank">http://imageshack.com/a/img89/2118/zwys.jpg</a><br><br>Weather history data from <a href="http://www.wunderground.com/history/" target="_blank">http://www.wunderground.com/history/ </a><br>suggests Joe's butterflies battled westerly headwinds or northerly <br>and southerly crosswinds during most of the journey to the central California<br>coast:<br><br>Surface winds: <br>Sept. 20: <a href="http://imageshack.com/a/img545/7279/c4z3.jpg"
target="_blank">http://imageshack.com/a/img545/7279/c4z3.jpg</a><br>Sept. 21: <a href="http://imageshack.com/a/img27/2074/tr8g.jpg" target="_blank">http://imageshack.com/a/img27/2074/tr8g.jpg</a><br>Sept. 22: <a href="http://imageshack.com/a/img14/6921/5pkd.jpg" target="_blank">http://imageshack.com/a/img14/6921/5pkd.jpg</a><br>Sept. 23: <a href="http://imageshack.com/a/img856/5635/2yz8.jpg" target="_blank">http://imageshack.com/a/img856/5635/2yz8.jpg</a><br>Sept. 24: <a href="http://imageshack.com/a/img30/5476/cr86.jpg" target="_blank">http://imageshack.com/a/img30/5476/cr86.jpg</a><br>Sept. 25: <a href="http://imageshack.com/a/img849/1089/9h7x.jpg" target="_blank">http://imageshack.com/a/img849/1089/9h7x.jpg</a><br><br>To date, true navigation has been shown in only a few invertebrates<br>such as the eastern newt, the loggerhead sea turtle and the spiny lobster.<br><br>Paul Cherubini<br>El Dorado,
Calif.<br>_______________________________________________<br>Leps-l mailing list<br><a ymailto="mailto:Leps-l@mailman.yale.edu" href="mailto:Leps-l@mailman.yale.edu">Leps-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br><a href="http://mailman.yale.edu/mailman/listinfo/leps-l" target="_blank">http://mailman.yale.edu/mailman/listinfo/leps-l</a><br><br><br></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></body></html>