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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D">Those migrating butterflies may not--probably did not--spend their larval development in the area where observed. May well have spent this time a little farther east where row-crop ag and insecticide
application drops considerably. What has been reported regarding the overwintering numbers in Mexico this year?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Leps-l <leps-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu> <b>On Behalf Of
</b>Charles Covell<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, February 13, 2022 10:19 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Paul Cherubini <monarch@saber.net><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Leps List <leps-l@mailman.yale.edu><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Leps-l] NYTimes article on the NABA butterfly park<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Many thanks. The photos are very heartening to see. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Cheers, Charlie<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Sun, Feb 13, 2022 at 7:45 PM Paul Cherubini <<a href="mailto:monarch@saber.net">monarch@saber.net</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt">Most people familiar with the sudden decline attribute it to an external factor,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt">like near surface water contaminations by noenicitinoids… or airborne drift . </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt">Some butterflies continue to be abundant where neonicotinoid insecticides </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt">are used heavily on a region wide scale; e.g. on the corn & soybean </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt">croplands of the upper Midwest.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt">Late last August 2021 I shot this video of monarchs migrating Southwest in </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt">south-central Minnesota at the rate of 20 butterflies per minute:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt"><a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fyoutu.be%2FQ1ugyulER6Q&data=04%7C01%7Crobert.dana%40state.mn.us%7C96d0efdf13d74a15125e08d9ef7118cf%7Ceb14b04624c445198f26b89c2159828c%7C0%7C0%7C637804092636370726%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C2000&sdata=7wWs7U6jFhVTQipr3fpe91yq7L8IIPE5LEZPMoiIXD4%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/Q1ugyulER6Q</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt">And in Sept. 2020 a farmer in south-central Minnesota shot this video of </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt">hundreds of monarch nectaring on some </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:black;background:white">Liatris ligulistylis flowers</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt">he planted. </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Roboto;color:black;background:white"><a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fyoutu.be%2FCDun70cjAK0&data=04%7C01%7Crobert.dana%40state.mn.us%7C96d0efdf13d74a15125e08d9ef7118cf%7Ceb14b04624c445198f26b89c2159828c%7C0%7C0%7C637804092636370726%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C2000&sdata=0xXI4DovZRHmQS63YefGPa%2B2Hs7ege19qdHrvwWCtM8%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/CDun70cjAK0</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt">Paul Cherubini</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt">El Dorado, Calif</span>.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">_______________________________________________<br>
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