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<p class="MsoNormal">To build on James’ statement – Heliconius are very long lived as adults (perhaps >6 months), and as I recall, the memory function about where good flowers are located was touted as an evolutionary adaptation to their long life span. But
again – I remembering from papers that I read over 30 years ago….<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">j<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Leps-l <leps-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu> <b>On Behalf Of
</b>James Adams<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Saturday, July 9, 2022 12:20 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Roger Kuhlman <rkuhlman@hotmail.com>; Bill Cornelius <billcor@mcn.org>; Leps list <leps-l@mailman.yale.edu><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Leps-l] [EXTERNAL EMAIL] Re: looking for info about butterfly recognition of individual humans<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Roger,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"> Yes, I agree it is quite possible that someone has done some work on this. The problem may be that, if the findings were that the butterflies show no recognition of individual human
beings, the results were never published. I, and many others, might find it interesting if and only if the butterflies DID show recognition of individuals, which is why, if virtually no such literature exists, then every study that has been done has shown
no recognition of individuals.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"> Again, it would seem possible only in species that set up somewhat longer lasting territories, where the butterflies were likely to encounter the same individuals on a regular basis.
For species that live a very short time as adults, there would be no reason to evolve this behavior, and even in those species that do live longer, recognizing individuals of other species would have to be something meaningful in the evolution of the species
of butterfly.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">James<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">James K. Adams<br>
Professor of Biology, Dalton State College<br>
706-272-4427; 678-767-5938<br>
visit the Georgia Lepidoptera website at<br>
<a href="http://www.galeps.org/">
www.galeps.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><img border="0" width="555" height="129" style="width:5.7812in;height:1.3437in" id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.jpg@01D89391.66592990" alt="1509647971326_PastedImage"></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:black">From:</span></b><span style="color:black"> Leps-l <<a href="mailto:leps-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">leps-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>> on behalf of Roger Kuhlman <<a href="mailto:rkuhlman@hotmail.com">rkuhlman@hotmail.com</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Saturday, July 9, 2022 8:05 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Bill Cornelius <<a href="mailto:billcor@mcn.org">billcor@mcn.org</a>>; Leps List <<a href="mailto:leps-l@mailman.yale.edu">leps-l@mailman.yale.edu</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [EXTERNAL EMAIL] Re: [Leps-l] looking for info about butterfly recognition of individual humans</span>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">A researcher of Butterfly behavior could well find that butterflies show no evidence for long-lasting memory of Individuals. That is not impossible and I would be surprised if it has not already
been done. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Roger Kuhlman<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Ann Arbor, Michigan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:black">From:</span></b><span style="color:black"> Leps-l <<a href="mailto:leps-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">leps-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>> on behalf of Bill Cornelius <<a href="mailto:billcor@mcn.org">billcor@mcn.org</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, July 8, 2022 9:10 PM</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:black">To:</span></b><span style="color:black"> John Shuey <<a href="mailto:jshuey@TNC.ORG">jshuey@TNC.ORG</a>>; Leps list <<a href="mailto:leps-l@mailman.yale.edu">leps-l@mailman.yale.edu</a>></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:black">Subject:</span></b><span style="color:black"> Re: [Leps-l] looking for info about butterfly recognition of individual humans</span>
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hi John: <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">That's an interesting article. Do you know of anything similar concerning butterflies? I have a bet with a state parks ranger, but she has to prove butterflies <i>don't</i> remember individuals. I'm pretty sure that's an impossible proof
to begin with but I still need to show something besides my own observation & opinion or she can claim default.
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Bill :)<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Jul 8, 2022, at 4:46 PM, John Shuey <<a href="mailto:jshuey@TNC.ORG">jshuey@TNC.ORG</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Although everyone knows that birds are superior beings, it surprised me that Common Terns could recognize a threat arriving in an orange VW van from one year to the next and fly out to attack and stain
the vehicle before the person even got out, having not seen the vehicle or person for 10 months.</span></i><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Crows are known to recognize faces that do evil to them. See -<a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2019%2F09%2F13%2F760666490%2Fcrows-are-they-scary-or-just-scary-smart&data=05%7C01%7Cjadams%40daltonstate.edu%7C48af52a1aa754641878608da61a34984%7Cb7e81e5d72424dff8f1e47d691148e41%7C0%7C1%7C637929651196577283%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C2000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=xVKFOLMAfS%2FRjEDjW9IAxwwn9aXjgd6EWhkbfkQCjt0%3D&reserved=0">https://www.npr.org/2019/09/13/760666490/crows-are-they-scary-or-just-scary-smart</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">john<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b><span class="xxapple-converted-space"> </span>Leps-l <<a href="mailto:leps-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">leps-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>><span class="xxapple-converted-space"> </span><b>On Behalf Of<span class="xxapple-converted-space"> </span></b>Michael
Gochfeld<br>
<b>Sent:</b><span class="xxapple-converted-space"> </span>Friday, July 8, 2022 5:14 PM<br>
<b>To:</b><span class="xxapple-converted-space"> </span>Bill Cornelius <<a href="mailto:billcor@mcn.org">billcor@mcn.org</a>>; Leps list <<a href="mailto:leps-l@mailman.yale.edu">leps-l@mailman.yale.edu</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b><span class="xxapple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [Leps-l] looking for info about butterfly recognition of individual humans<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">It shouldn't be a surprise that an insect can recognized a food-giver or a threat. Whether and how they classify these and to what extent they can distinguish individuals can be tested. How long they "remember"
----not sure. Whether they recognize visually or olfactory, and whether it is the person or the body language would be good to study.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">On a different note:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Although everyone knows that birds are superior beings, it surprised me that Common Terns could recognize a threat arriving in an orange VW van from one year to the next and fly out to attack and stain the
vehicle before the person even got out, having not seen the vehicle or person for 10 months.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">MIKE GOCHFELD</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b><span class="xxapple-converted-space"> </span>Leps-l <<a href="mailto:leps-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">leps-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>> on behalf of Bill Cornelius <<a href="mailto:billcor@mcn.org">billcor@mcn.org</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b><span class="xxapple-converted-space"> </span>Friday, July 8, 2022 12:45 AM<br>
<b>To:</b><span class="xxapple-converted-space"> </span>Leps list <<a href="mailto:leps-l@mailman.yale.edu">leps-l@mailman.yale.edu</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b><span class="xxapple-converted-space"> </span>[Leps-l] looking for info about butterfly recognition of individual humans<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hi List:<br>
<br>
I read some time ago, before fact checking was an industry, that some reared Heliconius charithonia will recognize individual people that have acted threateningly or non threateningly towards them and react correspondingly days or weeks later. Can anyone send
me any info on that? My own experience with Polygonias indicates they do have that capability. I'm looking for support but any info will do.<br>
<br>
thanks<br>
Bill Cornelius<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">_______________________________________________<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>DALTON STATE COLLEGE EMAIL</b><br>
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