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Roger,</div>
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Yes, I agree it is quite possible that someone has done some work on this. The problem may be that, if the findings were that the butterflies show no recognition of individual human beings, the results were never published. I, and many others,
might find it interesting if and only if the butterflies DID show recognition of individuals, which is why, if virtually no such literature exists, then every study that has been done has shown no recognition of individuals.</div>
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Again, it would seem possible only in species that set up somewhat longer lasting territories, where the butterflies were likely to encounter the same individuals on a regular basis. For species that live a very short time as adults, there would
be no reason to evolve this behavior, and even in those species that do live longer, recognizing individuals of other species would have to be something meaningful in the evolution of the species of butterfly.</div>
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James</div>
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<div class="PlainText">James K. Adams<br>
Professor of Biology, Dalton State College<br>
706-272-4427; 678-767-5938<br>
visit the Georgia Lepidoptera website at<br>
<a href="http://www.galeps.org/">www.galeps.org/</a><br>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Leps-l <leps-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu> on behalf of Roger Kuhlman <rkuhlman@hotmail.com><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Saturday, July 9, 2022 8:05 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Bill Cornelius <billcor@mcn.org>; Leps List <leps-l@mailman.yale.edu><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [EXTERNAL EMAIL] Re: [Leps-l] looking for info about butterfly recognition of individual humans</font>
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A researcher of Butterfly behavior could well find that butterflies show no evidence for long-lasting memory of Individuals. That is not impossible and I would be surprised if it has not already been done. </div>
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Roger Kuhlman</div>
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Ann Arbor, Michigan</div>
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<div dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" class="x_elementToProof" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Leps-l <leps-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu> on behalf of Bill Cornelius <billcor@mcn.org><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, July 8, 2022 9:10 PM<br>
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<div id="x_divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr" class="x_elementToProof"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>To:</b> John Shuey <jshuey@TNC.ORG>; Leps list <leps-l@mailman.yale.edu><br>
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<div dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Leps-l] looking for info about butterfly recognition of individual humans</font>
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<div style="word-wrap:break-word">Hi John:
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<div>That's an interesting article. Do you know of anything similar concerning butterflies? I have a bet with a state parks ranger, but she has to prove butterflies <i>don't</i> remember individuals. I'm pretty sure that's an impossible proof to begin with
but I still need to show something besides my own observation & opinion or she can claim default.
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<div>Bill :)</div>
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<div>On Jul 8, 2022, at 4:46 PM, John Shuey <<a href="mailto:jshuey@TNC.ORG">jshuey@TNC.ORG</a>> wrote:</div>
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<div lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:18px; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:normal; letter-spacing:normal; line-height:normal; orphans:auto; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:auto; word-spacing:0px; word-wrap:break-word">
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<div style="margin:0in; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size:12pt">Although everyone knows that birds are superior beings, it surprised me that Common Terns could recognize a threat arriving in an orange VW van from one
year to the next and fly out to attack and stain the vehicle before the person even got out, having not seen the vehicle or person for 10 months.</span></i></div>
<div style="margin:0in; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </div>
<div style="margin:0in; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Crows are known to recognize faces that do evil to them. See -<a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2019%2F09%2F13%2F760666490%2Fcrows-are-they-scary-or-just-scary-smart&data=05%7C01%7Cjadams%40daltonstate.edu%7C48af52a1aa754641878608da61a34984%7Cb7e81e5d72424dff8f1e47d691148e41%7C0%7C1%7C637929651196577283%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C2000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=xVKFOLMAfS%2FRjEDjW9IAxwwn9aXjgd6EWhkbfkQCjt0%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://www.npr.org/2019/09/13/760666490/crows-are-they-scary-or-just-scary-smart" shash="hmE+7u+w1BABLezeIziNinxSy2/LYd6o2f8QTViXjs5J8oB039oZDoW+Zm87mDWI8bXRyAiVPJuCJRb9GU/tdisD+X501XBI3Ic9G3SyZQnQ1VavlNZ2CmtimqntWd9jkdUOp88BEk7vVND+r5Ab6twi7ZVosZu1m/l5p/RFZpM=" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline">https://www.npr.org/2019/09/13/760666490/crows-are-they-scary-or-just-scary-smart</a></div>
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<div style="margin:0in; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">john</div>
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<div style="margin:0in; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b>From:</b><span class="x_x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>Leps-l <<a href="mailto:leps-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">leps-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>><span class="x_x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>On
Behalf Of<span class="x_x_Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Michael Gochfeld<br>
<b>Sent:</b><span class="x_x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>Friday, July 8, 2022 5:14 PM<br>
<b>To:</b><span class="x_x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>Bill Cornelius <<a href="mailto:billcor@mcn.org">billcor@mcn.org</a>>; Leps list <<a href="mailto:leps-l@mailman.yale.edu">leps-l@mailman.yale.edu</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b><span class="x_x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [Leps-l] looking for info about butterfly recognition of individual humans</div>
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<div style="margin:0in; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </div>
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<div style="margin:0in; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt">It shouldn't be a surprise that an insect can recognized a food-giver or a threat. Whether and how they classify these and to what extent they can distinguish
individuals can be tested. How long they "remember" ----not sure. Whether they recognize visually or olfactory, and whether it is the person or the body language would be good to study.</span></div>
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<div style="margin:0in; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt">On a different note:</span></div>
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<div style="margin:0in; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt">Although everyone knows that birds are superior beings, it surprised me that Common Terns could recognize a threat arriving in an orange VW van from one year
to the next and fly out to attack and stain the vehicle before the person even got out, having not seen the vehicle or person for 10 months.</span></div>
</div>
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<div style="margin:0in; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt"> </span></div>
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<div style="margin:0in; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt">MIKE GOCHFELD</span></div>
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<div style="margin:0in; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b>From:</b><span style=""><span class="x_x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>Leps-l <<a href="mailto:leps-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline">leps-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>>
on behalf of Bill Cornelius <<a href="mailto:billcor@mcn.org" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline">billcor@mcn.org</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b><span class="x_x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>Friday, July 8, 2022 12:45 AM<br>
<b>To:</b><span class="x_x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>Leps list <<a href="mailto:leps-l@mailman.yale.edu" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline">leps-l@mailman.yale.edu</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b><span class="x_x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>[Leps-l] looking for info about butterfly recognition of individual humans</span></div>
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<div style="margin:0in; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </div>
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<div style="margin:0in; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Hi List:<br>
<br>
I read some time ago, before fact checking was an industry, that some reared Heliconius charithonia will recognize individual people that have acted threateningly or non threateningly towards them and react correspondingly days or weeks later. Can anyone send
me any info on that? My own experience with Polygonias indicates they do have that capability. I'm looking for support but any info will do.<br>
<br>
thanks<br>
Bill Cornelius<br>
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