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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">And adding to Dirk’s comments:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is generally unstable. Polypropylene can be formulated to be reasonably stable, but not necessarily stable to fluid preparations. LDPE
is quite good, depending upon the plasticizer used in the polymer. High density polyethylene has a higher melting point and is generally more stable over the long term.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">The only really stable polymer is internally plasticized polyethylene terephthalate, which works well in films (even very thick films), but does lend itself
to molding and casting. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Cathy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext"> nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu [mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Dirk Neumann<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, June 16, 2014 2:06 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> CAHawks@aol.com; halford@sfu.ca; prc44@drexel.edu<br>
<b>Cc:</b> nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Nhcoll-l] Phenolic lids in alcohol<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">... just to add to Catharine Hawks:<br>
<br>
phenolic plastic is a phenol formaldehyde resin plastic belonging to the group of thermosetting polymers such as Bakelite. In general, all plastics based on formaldehyde polymers / using formaldehyde for condensation of the polymer chains have issues if coming
into secondary contact with free formaldehyde after polymerisation, which induces breaking of polymer chains. In specimen jars with (initially) formalin fixed material this may be leaking residual formalin escaping from specimens, as Catharine already said.
<br>
<br>
All plastics belonging to this group of thermosetting polymers should be avoided in (wet) collections. If plastic can be avoided, LDPE / HDPE (= Low/High Density Polyethylen) should be preferred, as PE-Plastic are the most stable plastics we have for collections
(Polypropylene & PVC may also cause issues depending on how the collection is / has to be maintained).<br>
<br>
All the best<br>
Dirk <br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Am 16.06.2014 01:26, schrieb <a href="mailto:CAHawks@aol.com">CAHawks@aol.com</a>:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">One problem with phenolic caps is that the polymer probably contains formaldehyde. Exposed to trace formaldehyde from fixation of specimens subsequently stored in alcohol,
the polymer will deteriorate (that old, "like dissolves like" concept). Any specimen fixed in formalin and later transferred to alcohol should have some unfixed formaldehyde in the alcohol given that fixation is a equilibrium reaction.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Cathy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Catharine Hawks, PA-AIC, FIIC<br>
Conservator, NMNH<br>
(h) 703.876.9176<br>
(o) 202.633.0835<br>
mobile 703.200.4370<br>
moblile 202.701.8458<br>
<a href="mailto:hawksc@si.edu">hawksc@si.edu</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">In a message dated 6/13/2014 5:22:28 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
<a href="mailto:halford@sfu.ca">halford@sfu.ca</a> writes:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">When phenolic capped vials are stored as you describe the caps can expand over time and eventually fall off, potentially leading to lots becoming
mixed in the bottom of the holding vessel. It's better to discard the cap and replace it with a loose plug of cotton. Face the neck of the vial up so no air bubbles become trapped.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Steve.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br clear="all">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Steve Halford (<a href="mailto:halford@sfu.ca" target="_blank" title="mailto:halford@sfu.ca">halford@sfu.ca</a>)<br>
Museum Technician (Retired) <br>
Department of Biological Sciences<br>
Simon Fraser University<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">On Fri, Jun 13, 2014 at 10:28 AM, Callomon,Paul <<a href="mailto:prc44@drexel.edu" target="_blank" title="mailto:prc44@drexel.edu">prc44@drexel.edu</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Folks,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">We have noticed that in cases where a phenolic resin cap is immersed in alcohol (70-80% ethanol) for long periods (such as when a vial with a sample is included in a larger alcohol-preserved
lot) the alcohol becomes discolored. I presume the resin is leaching something. Does anyone know of any published work on this?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Paul Callomon</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><br>
<i>Collection Manager, Malacology, Invertebrate Paleontology and General Invertebrates</i></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;background:white">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">
<hr size="2" width="100%" align="center">
</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt">1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia PA 19103-1195, USA<br>
<i><a href="mailto:callomon@ansp.org" target="_blank" title="mailto:callomon@ansp.org">callomon@ansp.org</a> Tel
<a href="tel:215-405-5096" target="_blank" title="tel:215-405-5096">215-405-5096</a> - Fax
<a href="tel:215-299-1170" target="_blank" title="tel:215-299-1170">215-299-1170</a></i></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br>
_______________________________________________<br>
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<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
NHCOLL-L is brought to you by the Society for the Preservation of<br>
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mission is to improve the preservation, conservation and management of<br>
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http://www.spnhc.org</a> for membership information.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
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<a href="mailto:Nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">Nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
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<br>
_______________________________________________ <br>
NHCOLL-L is brought to you by the Society for the Preservation of<br>
Natural History Collections (SPNHC), an international society whose<br>
mission is to improve the preservation, conservation and management of<br>
natural history collections to ensure their continuing value to<br>
society. See <a href="http://www.spnhc.org">http://www.spnhc.org</a> for membership information.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</blockquote>
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</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Nhcoll-l mailing list<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><a href="mailto:Nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">Nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><a href="http://mailman.yale.edu/mailman/listinfo/nhcoll-l">http://mailman.yale.edu/mailman/listinfo/nhcoll-l</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
<pre>_______________________________________________ <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>NHCOLL-L is brought to you by the Society for the Preservation of<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Natural History Collections (SPNHC), an international society whose<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>mission is to improve the preservation, conservation and management of<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>natural history collections to ensure their continuing value to<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>society. See <a href="http://www.spnhc.org">http://www.spnhc.org</a> for membership information.<o:p></o:p></pre>
</blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Dirk Neumann<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
<pre>Tel: 089 / 8107-111<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Fax: 089 / 8107-300<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>email: Dirk.Neumann(a)zsm.mwn.de<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
<pre>Postanschrift:<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
<pre>Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Zoologische Staatssammlung München<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Dirk Neumann, Sektion Ichthyologie / DNA-Labor<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Münchhausenstr. 21<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>81247 München<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
<pre>Besuchen Sie unsere Sammlung:<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><a href="http://www.zsm.mwn.de/ich/">http://www.zsm.mwn.de/ich/</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
<pre>---------<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
<pre>Dirk Neumann<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
<pre>Tel: +49-89-8107-111<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Fax: +49-89-8107-300<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>email: Dirk.Neumann(a)zsm.mwn.de<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
<pre>postal address:<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
<pre>Bavarian Natural History Collections<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>The Bavarian State Collection of Zoology<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Dirk Neumann, Section Ichthyology / DNA-Lab<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Muenchhausenstr. 21<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>81247 Munich (Germany)<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
<pre>Visit our section at:<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><a href="http://www.zsm.mwn.de/ich/">http://www.zsm.mwn.de/ich/</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
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