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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">To add to Cathy’s and Dirk’s comments:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Do not forget to consider in your choice of container the oxygen diffusion rates of plastics since most organic degradation processes are triggered by oxidation
reactions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Most plastics like PP, PE (low and high density) and also PTFE (coated liners) have relatively high permeability constants for oxygen. PET has a significant
lower value, but the best impermeable and stable material is (borosilicate) glass.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Kind regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Dries<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Andries J. van Dam,
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#FF8000">conservator</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""><br>
<br>
Museum of Anatomy<br>
Leiden University Medical Center <br>
Building 3 (V3-32)<br>
P.O.Box 9600 <br>
2300 RC Leiden <br>
The Netherlands <br>
tel: +31 (0)71 52 68356<br>
E-mail: </span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#0000FE"><a href="mailto:A.J.van_Dam@lumc.nl">A.J.van_Dam@lumc.nl</a><br>
</span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Visiting address: Hippocratespad 21 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#FF8000">Scientific associate</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">
Natural History Museum London<br>
<a href="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/" target="_blank">http://www.nhm.ac.uk</a></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#FF8000">Directory Board member</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> ICOM-CC<br>
<u><a href="http://www.icom-cc.org/" target="_blank" title="http://www.icom-cc.org/">http://www.icom-cc.org</a>
<br>
<br>
</u></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#FF8000">Director</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> Alcomon Company<br>
<u><a href="http://www.alcomon.com/" target="_blank" title="http://www.alcomon.com/">http://www.alcomon.com</a></u></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext"> nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu
[mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Hawks, Catharine<br>
<b>Sent:</b> maandag 16 juni 2014 12:43<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Dirk Neumann'; CAHawks@aol.com; halford@sfu.ca; prc44@drexel.edu<br>
<b>Cc:</b> nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Nhcoll-l] Phenolic lids in alcohol<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">And adding to Dirk’s comments:</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is generally unstable. Polypropylene can be formulated to be reasonably stable, but not necessarily stable to fluid preparations.
LDPE is quite good, depending upon the plasticizer used in the polymer. High density polyethylene has a higher melting point and is generally more stable over the long term.
</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">The only really stable polymer is internally plasticized polyethylene terephthalate, which works well in films (even very thick films), but does
lend itself to molding and casting. </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Cathy</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext">
<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a> [<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Dirk Neumann<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, June 16, 2014 2:06 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:CAHawks@aol.com">CAHawks@aol.com</a>; <a href="mailto:halford@sfu.ca">
halford@sfu.ca</a>; <a href="mailto:prc44@drexel.edu">prc44@drexel.edu</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Nhcoll-l] Phenolic lids in alcohol</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">... just to add to Catharine Hawks:<br>
<br>
phenolic plastic is a phenol formaldehyde resin plastic belonging to the group of thermosetting polymers such as Bakelite. In general, all plastics based on formaldehyde polymers / using formaldehyde for condensation of the polymer chains have issues if coming
into secondary contact with free formaldehyde after polymerisation, which induces breaking of polymer chains. In specimen jars with (initially) formalin fixed material this may be leaking residual formalin escaping from specimens, as Catharine already said.
<br>
<br>
All plastics belonging to this group of thermosetting polymers should be avoided in (wet) collections. If plastic can be avoided, LDPE / HDPE (= Low/High Density Polyethylen) should be preferred, as PE-Plastic are the most stable plastics we have for collections
(Polypropylene & PVC may also cause issues depending on how the collection is / has to be maintained).<br>
<br>
All the best<br>
Dirk <br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Am 16.06.2014 01:26, schrieb <a href="mailto:CAHawks@aol.com">CAHawks@aol.com</a>:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">One problem with phenolic caps is that the polymer probably contains formaldehyde. Exposed to trace formaldehyde from fixation of specimens subsequently stored
in alcohol, the polymer will deteriorate (that old, "like dissolves like" concept). Any specimen fixed in formalin and later transferred to alcohol should have some unfixed formaldehyde in the alcohol given that fixation is a equilibrium reaction.
</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Cathy</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Catharine Hawks, PA-AIC, FIIC<br>
Conservator, NMNH<br>
(h) 703.876.9176<br>
(o) 202.633.0835<br>
mobile 703.200.4370<br>
moblile 202.701.8458<br>
<a href="mailto:hawksc@si.edu">hawksc@si.edu</a> </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">In a message dated 6/13/2014 5:22:28 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
<a href="mailto:halford@sfu.ca">halford@sfu.ca</a> writes:</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">When phenolic capped vials are stored as you describe the caps can expand over time and eventually fall off, potentially leading to
lots becoming mixed in the bottom of the holding vessel. It's better to discard the cap and replace it with a loose plug of cotton. Face the neck of the vial up so no air bubbles become trapped.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Steve.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br clear="all">
</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Steve Halford (<a href="mailto:halford@sfu.ca" target="_blank" title="mailto:halford@sfu.ca">halford@sfu.ca</a>)<br>
Museum Technician (Retired) <br>
Department of Biological Sciences<br>
Simon Fraser University</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">On Fri, Jun 13, 2014 at 10:28 AM, Callomon,Paul <<a href="mailto:prc44@drexel.edu" target="_blank" title="mailto:prc44@drexel.edu">prc44@drexel.edu</a>> wrote:</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US">Folks,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US">We have noticed that in cases where a phenolic resin cap is immersed in alcohol (70-80% ethanol) for long periods (such as when a vial with a sample is included
in a larger alcohol-preserved lot) the alcohol becomes discolored. I presume the resin is leaching something. Does anyone know of any published work on this?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">Paul Callomon</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt"><br>
<i>Collection Manager, Malacology, Invertebrate Paleontology and General Invertebrates</i></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;background:white">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">
<hr size="2" width="100%" align="center">
</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia PA 19103-1195, USA<br>
<i><a href="mailto:callomon@ansp.org" target="_blank" title="mailto:callomon@ansp.org">callomon@ansp.org</a> Tel
<a href="tel:215-405-5096" target="_blank" title="tel:215-405-5096">215-405-5096</a> - Fax
<a href="tel:215-299-1170" target="_blank" title="tel:215-299-1170">215-299-1170</a></i></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<pre><span lang="EN-US">_______________________________________________ <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">NHCOLL-L is brought to you by the Society for the Preservation of<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">Natural History Collections (SPNHC), an international society whose<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">mission is to improve the preservation, conservation and management of<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">natural history collections to ensure their continuing value to<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">society. See <a href="http://www.spnhc.org">http://www.spnhc.org</a> for membership information.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
</blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><br>
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<pre><span lang="EN-US">-- <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">Dirk Neumann<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">Tel: 089 / 8107-111<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">Fax: 089 / 8107-300<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">email: Dirk.Neumann(a)zsm.mwn.de<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">Postanschrift:<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">Zoologische Staatssammlung München<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">Dirk Neumann, Sektion Ichthyologie / DNA-Labor<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">Münchhausenstr. 21<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">81247 München<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">Besuchen Sie unsere Sammlung:<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.zsm.mwn.de/ich/">http://www.zsm.mwn.de/ich/</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">---------<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">Dirk Neumann<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">Tel: +49-89-8107-111<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">Fax: +49-89-8107-300<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">email: Dirk.Neumann(a)zsm.mwn.de<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">postal address:<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">Bavarian Natural History Collections<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">The Bavarian State Collection of Zoology<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">Dirk Neumann, Section Ichthyology / DNA-Lab<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">Muenchhausenstr. 21<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">81247 Munich (Germany)<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US">Visit our section at:<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.zsm.mwn.de/ich/">http://www.zsm.mwn.de/ich/</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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