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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Sarah and all,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Glycerin is a very effective and stable preservative (>60%). It is used for more than a century in pathological collections, because it enables also the preservation
of (blood) colour. It’s mechanism of action seems similar to ethanol. In high concentrations it is a denaturant by protein coagulation and precipitation an thus even has (pseudo-)fixative properties although its penetration rate is very low. The German Kaiserling
(1896) was one of the first who described a method to preserve anatomical preparations in natural colours by using a glycerine based preservative.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Note that adding a mold growth
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">inhibitor (like thymol;</span><span class="st"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> suspected of being a
</span></span><em><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;font-style:normal">carcinogen</span></em><span class="st"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> and considered to be moderately toxic</span></span><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">)</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">is only necessary when you are not able to prevent high humidities (>55%) in your storage facility. When the RH is complying to the standard guidelines for storing fluid
preserved specimens (RH between 35-55%) molds simply cannot grow on/in high concentrations of glycerine (>60%).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Dries<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black">Andries J. van Dam,
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#FF8000">conservator</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black"><br>
<br>
Museum of Anatomy<br>
Leiden University Medical Center <br>
Building 3 (V3-32)<br>
P.O.Box 9600 <br>
2300 RC Leiden <br>
The Netherlands <br>
tel: +31 (0)71 52 68356<br>
E-mail: </span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#0000FE"><a href="mailto:A.J.van_Dam@lumc.nl"><span style="color:blue">A.J.van_Dam@lumc.nl</span></a><br>
</span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black">Visiting address: Hippocratespad 21 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">
</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#FF8000">Scientific associate</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black">
Natural History Museum London<br>
<a href="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/" target="_blank"><span style="color:blue">http://www.nhm.ac.uk</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#FF8000">Directory Board member</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black"> ICOM-CC<br>
<u><a href="http://www.icom-cc.org/" target="_blank" title="http://www.icom-cc.org/"><span style="color:blue">http://www.icom-cc.org</span></a>
<br>
<br>
</u></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#FF8000">Director</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black"> Alcomon Company<br>
<u><a href="http://www.alcomon.com/" target="_blank" title="http://www.alcomon.com/"><span style="color:blue">http://www.alcomon.com</span></a></u></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu [mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Bentley, Andrew Charles<br>
<b>Sent:</b> woensdag 20 augustus 2014 16:28<br>
<b>To:</b> Sarah K. Huber; nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Nhcoll-l] Long-term Storage of Cleared and Stained Specimens<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Sarah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">It is my understanding that the major reasons for keeping C&S materials in glycerin are support (now that all muscle has been removed from the
specimen it is more susceptible to bending, damage etc.) and clarity (glycerin has a specific refractive index that makes these specimens highly visible). As Glycerin is a vegetable based product and not a preservative or fixative, the thymol is necessary
to prevent mold growth on specimens (one of two crystals is usually enough). Given the difference in specific gravity of glycerin and ethanol I would be concerned about changes in the specimen brought about by a change to 70% ethanol. That being said, theoretically
all that is left is bone and cartilage (and some connective tissue) which should be less susceptible to shrinkage in the first place. I do know that some researchers like to “cut” their glycerin with a little ethanol (10-20%) to make it a little less viscous
and easier to work with but that would have little effect on the specimens. As for specimens that were transferred some time back, I wouldn’t think it would be too harmful to get them back into glycerin as long as this process was staged through increasing
concentrations of glycerin:alcohol.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Andy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"> A : A : A :<br>
}<(((_�>.,.,.,.}<(((_�>.,.,.,.}<)))_�><br>
V V V<br>
Andy Bentley<br>
Ichthyology Collection Manager<br>
University of Kansas<br>
Biodiversity Institute<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Dyche Hall<br>
1345 Jayhawk Boulevard<br>
Lawrence, KS, 66045-7561<br>
USA<br>
<br>
Tel: (785) 864-3863<br>
Fax: (785) 864-5335 <br>
Email: <a href="mailto:abentley@ku.edu"><span style="color:blue">abentley@ku.edu</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><a href="http://ichthyology.biodiversity.ku.edu/"><span style="color:blue">http://ichthyology.biodiversity.ku.edu</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">SPNHC President<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><a href="http://www.spnhc.org/"><span style="color:blue">http://www.spnhc.org</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"> : : <br>
A : A : A :<br>
}<(((_�>.,.,.,.}<(((_�>.,.,.,.}<)))_�><br>
V V V</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">
<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a> [<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Sarah K. Huber<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, August 19, 2014 10:53 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Nhcoll-l] Long-term Storage of Cleared and Stained Specimens<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">I am curious to hear what people think is the best long-term storage medium for cleared and stained specimens (in our case fishes). I have seen recommendations for
glycerin in concentrations ranging from 100-70%, and dilutions with water, ethanol, or KOH. I have also seen arguments for and against the addition of thymol. However, since our collection has had mold outbreaks in the past, any long term storage medium we
use must have some kind of additive to prevent molding. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">In addition, I have come across some older cleared and stained specimens that were transferred to 70% ethanol at some point in the distant past. Is it recommended to
keep these specimens in ethanol or to try and move them back into glycerin?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">Thanks in advance,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">Sarah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"><br>
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">Sarah K. Huber, Ph.D.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"><br>
Research Assistant Professor of Biology and Marine Science<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">Collection Manager, VIMS Ichthyology Collection<br>
804.684.7104 | Collection 804.684.7285<br>
<a href="mailto:skhuber@vims.edu">skhuber@vims.edu</a> | <a href="http://www.vims.edu">
www.vims.edu</a><br>
PO Box 1346 | Rt. 1208 Greate Rd., Gloucester Pt., VA 23062<br>
<br>
<span style="border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm"><img border="0" width="225" height="62" id="_x0000_i1025" src="cid:image001.jpg@01CFBD25.CFB578D0" alt="Image removed by sender. VimsLogo"></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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