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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">We store majority of samples in a -25°C
      deep freezing chamber, 200 x 2 ml tubes per rack, several ten
      thousand tubes are currently stored per chamber. Apparently we do
      not have this strict safety regulations for our -25°C storage;
      these do apply only for room temperature storage at the moment
      (where were are allowed to have no more than 20 L of 96 % Ethanol
      in a fireproof canister inside our alcohol collection) and inside
      the lab facilities (histology &amp; DNA lab), where we were
      advised recently that we need to adjust &amp; re-equip fridges and
      cupboards used for storage of chemicals. The only distinction here
      is that fluids and especially acids and bases must be stored
      separately from solids, and that storage of highly reactive
      peroxides would need special consideration (but we don't use such
      highly self-reactive peroxides).<br>
      <br>
      It might be worth to check the flash point pure ethanol at -25°C;
      freezing point for 96% is between -73/-110 (°C/F) and -115/-175
      (°C/F), so keeping ethanol tubes at -80°C means (depending on
      dilution of ethanol resulting from dehydrated cells / tissues)
      keeping tissues close to freezing point of the fluid (but exposing
      samples to physical damage resulting from formation of ice
      crystals). <br>
      <br>
      Flash point at -25°C should be well below 16°C, and also
      evaporation pressure inside tubes (and thus building of highly
      combustible ethanol-air mixtures) is considerably lower. It might
      perhaps be worth checking this with colleagues from Chemistry
      departments at University. I doubt that a spark released at the
      inside of a freezer (which could either be released from the lamp
      or the control) could ignite the content of a tube. More likely in
      case of failure (of the compressor) would be that the insulation
      catches fire. Perhaps a physical test witnessed by the fire
      marshal helps: try to ignite a 2 ml ethanol tube at room
      temperature under controlled conditions, place a box with more
      ethanol tubes in close vicinity and see what happens. I seriously
      doubt that these would catch fire, too. But the devil is a
      squirrel and this is not a question about good judgement  but
      rather an administrative one which helps to demonstrate power ...
      <br>
      <br>
      <br>
      Hope this helps,<br>
      all the best<br>
      Dirk<br>
      <br>
      <br>
      Am 30.01.2015 um 19:24 schrieb John P. Sullivan:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:11CFE39E-338C-4BB7-B4DE-92A3540846A8@cornell.edu"
      type="cite">
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      <div class="">I am curious to know how people on this list deal
        with cold storage for DNA samples in ethanol.</div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">We have thousands of tissue samples and fish fin
        clips preserved in 95% EtOH in 2ml Sarstedt screw cap vials. We
        typically store 16 boxes of 81 tubes per freezer rack and can
        fit 20 racks in a refrigerator/freezer.  This makes for a
        maximum of 52 liters or 13.7 gallons of EtOH stored in such a
        refrigerator/freezer.</div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">We have been informed by Environmental Health and
        Safety at our institution that it is improper to store these in
        regular freezers (as opposed to prohibitively expensive,
        specialized “flammable material” freezers).</div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">This person cited <span style="font-family: Calibri,
          sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" class="">NFPA 45  10.5.2 and
          12.2.2 and Article 501 of code 70 the National Electrical
          code.</span></div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">Here are links to EH&amp;S pages at several
        institutions that seem to indicate ethanol storage requires
        flammable material freezers:</div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class=""><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.usd.edu_research_research-2Dand-2Dsponsored-2Dprograms_upload_Flammable-2DLiquids-2DStorage.pdf&d=AwMGaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=sfUtvnZ0J8NsTEIgQdXNNr7uxyEnp6bwuvR7T0JbELE&s=KF4QbWrSBgmNxBdy9sGpN5ZoayJnK3fFYHaiR9pdSK8&e=" class="">http://www.usd.edu/research/research-and-sponsored-programs/upload/Flammable-Liquids-Storage.pdf</a></div>
      <div class=""><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.ehs.washington.edu_fsofire_flamfrig.shtm&d=AwMGaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=sfUtvnZ0J8NsTEIgQdXNNr7uxyEnp6bwuvR7T0JbELE&s=qdXV0xQBR7I0tPSImqpMt4pk8mwMg_bQcEQlWWOdHC4&e=" class="">http://www.ehs.washington.edu/fsofire/flamfrig.shtm</a></div>
      <div class=""><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__blink.ucsd.edu_safety_research-2Dlab_chemical_liquids_storage_index.html-23Determine-2Dallowable-2Dcontainer-2C-2D&d=AwMGaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=sfUtvnZ0J8NsTEIgQdXNNr7uxyEnp6bwuvR7T0JbELE&s=39ybek4t0u3PswjDfD_nsH9j4KPo9k7Ourm56R-91s8&e=" class="">http://blink.ucsd.edu/safety/research-lab/chemical/liquids/storage/index.html#Determine-allowable-container,-</a></div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">However, my informal polling of colleagues on
        Facebook suggests that many of them do in fact store screw-top
        tubes with tissue samples in ethanol in regular freezers (though
        perhaps without the approval/oversight of their EH&amp;S
        departments). My view is that fire/explosion risk from storage
        of these vials must be negligible to non-existent.  The
        flashpoint of pure EtoH is 16.6°C.  This temp would only be
        reached if a freezer failed and no action was taken for a long
        period of time. The risk of EtOH vapors concentrating in any
        quantity near internal mechanisms that could spark are minimal
        since tubes are sealed.</div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">My questions are:  Has anyone here received explicit
        clearance from their EH&amp;S to store EtOH tissue samples in
        regular freezers?  If you got this, what was required to obtain
        it?  If you have ethanol-preserved tissue samples, how do you
        store them?</div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">This could make for an interesting and useful
        conversation, but feel free to contact me off-list if you’re
        concerned about being “on the record.”</div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">- John Sullivan</div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
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                                                <div class="">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br
                                                    class="">
                                                  John P. Sullivan, PhD
                                                         <br class="">
                                                  <br class="">
                                                </div>
                                                <div class="">Collections
                                                  Archivist &amp;
                                                  Curatorial Affiliate -
                                                  Cornell University
                                                  Museum of Vertebrates</div>
                                                <div class="">Research
                                                  Associate - The
                                                  Academy of Natural
                                                  Sciences of Drexel
                                                  University<br class="">
                                                  <br class="">
                                                  Cornell University
                                                  Museum of Vertebrates
                                                       <br class="">
                                                  159 Sapsucker Woods
                                                  Road<br class="">
                                                  Ithaca, New York
                                                  14850-1923 USA<br
                                                    class="">
                                                  <br class="">
                                                  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:jpsullivan@cornell.edu" class="">jpsullivan@cornell.edu</a>
                                                  / office 607.254.6237,
                                                  cell 607.342.2234, fax
                                                  607.254.2415</div>
                                                <div class=""><br
                                                    class="">
                                                  A f r i c h t h y  --
                                                  The African
                                                  Ichthyology Research
                                                  Portal -- <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.africhthy.org&d=AwMGaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=sfUtvnZ0J8NsTEIgQdXNNr7uxyEnp6bwuvR7T0JbELE&s=vOYiTqQ1fDmmqMF4zkcWu3J1D1KeWFZXZRRhtLF6XNg&e=" style="text-align:
                                                    -webkit-auto;" class="">http://africhthy.org</a></div>
                                                <div class="">Mormyridae
                                                  LifeDesk — <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.mormyrids.lifedesks.org&d=AwMGaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=sfUtvnZ0J8NsTEIgQdXNNr7uxyEnp6bwuvR7T0JbELE&s=vaCTaJovMJIEav-x6fdGnONaHrdClbK3MW8t1xWshlo&e=" style="text-align:
                                                    -webkit-auto;" class="">http://mormyrids.lifedesks.org</a></div>
                                                <div class="">Campylomormyrus
                                                  Cam — <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.ustream.tv_channel_campylomormyrus-2Dcam&d=AwMGaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=sfUtvnZ0J8NsTEIgQdXNNr7uxyEnp6bwuvR7T0JbELE&s=hvIH48eTWjNrD653JwXrLOEOfRCJnxfgOue79pRfijo&e=" class="">http://www.ustream.tv/channel/campylomormyrus-cam</a><br
                                                    class="">
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</div>
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natural history collections to ensure their continuing value to
society. See <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.spnhc.org&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=EQOvb7tfOYP7DFTGQe7aTcg8IbeMrUIFY3w22ylp7Jo&s=Mf3h4RxBtaKfuFJ9GfYZVCl_TStHbqNvg6OStSpaehM&e=">http://www.spnhc.org</a> for membership information.
</pre>
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    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
Dirk Neumann

Tel: 089 / 8107-111
Fax: 089 / 8107-300
email: Dirk.Neumann(a)zsm.mwn.de

Postanschrift:

Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns
Zoologische Staatssammlung München
Dirk Neumann, Sektion Ichthyologie / DNA-Labor
Münchhausenstr. 21
81247 München

Besuchen Sie unsere Sammlung:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.zsm.mwn.de_ich_&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=EQOvb7tfOYP7DFTGQe7aTcg8IbeMrUIFY3w22ylp7Jo&s=IZN0n5RM-Km5GXICtvvAhdUH3exGNWvOIRMypAAUnQw&e=">http://www.zsm.mwn.de/ich/</a>

---------

Dirk Neumann

Tel: +49-89-8107-111
Fax: +49-89-8107-300
email: Dirk.Neumann(a)zsm.mwn.de

postal address:

Bavarian Natural History Collections
The Bavarian State Collection of Zoology
Dirk Neumann, Section Ichthyology / DNA-Lab
Muenchhausenstr. 21
81247 Munich (Germany)

Visit our section at:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.zsm.mwn.de_ich_&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=EQOvb7tfOYP7DFTGQe7aTcg8IbeMrUIFY3w22ylp7Jo&s=IZN0n5RM-Km5GXICtvvAhdUH3exGNWvOIRMypAAUnQw&e=">http://www.zsm.mwn.de/ich/</a>



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