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<div data-externalstyle="false" dir="ltr" style="font-family: 'Calibri', 'Segoe UI', 'Meiryo', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft JhengHei UI', 'Malgun Gothic', 'sans-serif';font-size:12pt;"><div style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Thanks Jean-Marc,</div><div style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><br></div><div style="font-family: Times New Roman;">For some reason this request did not come my way…??</div><div style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><br></div><div style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Storage in glycerine is good but it will have a clearing effect as J-M stated which may, or not be desirable. Also more difficult to move into other fluids easily due to the radical change in Osmotic Pressure. From formalin you would need to use a dehydration ladder of increasingly concentrated alcohols (10% stages for nematodes) until you arrive at 70%.</div><div style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><br></div><div style="font-family: Times New Roman;">You can always compromise by using the botanical preservative Copenhagen mixture which is a mix of preserving ethanol (70-80%) with c. 5% glycerine; the glycerine also acts as a humectant and will prevent total desiccation of specimens where the alcohol has evaporated due to container fault or long-term neglect. </div><div style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><br></div><div style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Best wishes, Simon Moore.<br></div><div style="font-family: Times New Roman;" data-signatureblock="true"><div style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><br></div><div style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Sent from Surface</div><div style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><br></div></div><div style="padding-top: 5px; border-top-color: rgb(229, 229, 229); border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid;"><div><font face=" 'Calibri', 'Segoe UI', 'Meiryo', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft JhengHei UI', 'Malgun Gothic', 'sans-serif'" style='line-height: 15pt; letter-spacing: 0.02em; font-family: "Calibri", "Segoe UI", "Meiryo", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft JhengHei UI", "Malgun Gothic", "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'><b>From:</b> <a href="mailto:JGagnon@mus-nature.ca" target="_parent">Jean-Marc Gagnon</a><br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, 7 August 2015 20:46<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:cokendolpher@aol.com" target="_parent">'James Cokendolpher'</a>, <a href="mailto:Nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu" target="_parent">Nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a></font></div></div><div><br></div><div dir="">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'>James,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'>Since your request did not seem to stimulate lots of responses (at least not on NHColl), I thought I could share a bit of information from my limited experience.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'>I initially intended to include free-living marine nematodes in my Ph.D. research but opted not to for a number of reasons. Still, working with them and particularly
transferring them to glycerine to facilitate the observation of mouthparts thought me a few things.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'>First, any change in H<sub>2</sub>O concentration in the preservation fluid can cause significant “osmotic shock”, easily observed by the collapsing/twisting
of specimens. It seems that their cuticle plays a major role in selecting the size of molecules penetrating and /or determining the speed at which they penetrate. If I changed the solution too quickly from a 3-5 % formaldehyde to ethanol, even in a stepwise
increase in concentration to ultimately reach 70-80%, the specimens would “shrivel”. That’s a significant risk of physical damage.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'>The other risk from transferring certain groups of invertebrates from a formaldehyde solution to ethanol is the fact that some will become more opaque and their
internal structures become less visible, if at all. I am not sure that’s the case for nematodes but it certainly is for certain groups like planktonic copepods and chaetognaths. The decreased access to these morphological characters may reduce the scientific
value of these specimens.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'>I am sure someone out there will know more about this. I strongly suggest that before you attempt any major change over of fixative/preservative, you should
test the procedure and its effects.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'>My two cents…</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'>Jean-Marc</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR-CA" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.5pt;'>Jean-Marc Gagnon</span><b><span lang="FR-CA" style='color: green; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.5pt;'>,
</span></b><b><span lang="FR-CA" style='color: green; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 6pt;'>Ph.D.</span></b><b><span lang="FR-CA" style="color: green; font-size: 6pt;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR-CA" style='color: green; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt;'>Curator / Conservateur des collections</span><span lang="FR-CA" style='color: green; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR-CA" style='color: green; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt;'>Invertebrate Collections / Collections des invertébrés</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR-CA" style="color: green; font-size: 8pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR-CA" style='color: green; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt;'>Canadian Museum of Nature / Musée canadien de la nature</span><span lang="FR-CA" style="color: green;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color: green; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt;'>P.O. Box 3443, Stn "D" / C.P. 3443, Succ. D</span><span style="color: green;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color: green; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt;'>Ottawa, ON Canada K1P 6P4</span><span style="color: green;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR-CA" style='color: green; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt;'>T: 613-364-4066 / F: 613-364-4027</span><span lang="FR-CA" style="color: green;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR-CA" style='color: green; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt;'>E/C:
<a href="mailto:jmgagnon@mus-nature.ca" target="_parent"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7.5pt;">jmgagnon@mus-nature.ca</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span lang="EN-US" style='color: green; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt;'><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__nature.ca_en_research-2Dcollections_science-2Dexperts_jean-2Dmarc-2Dgagnon&d=AwMGaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=isuYIIim2Tfpky71KTccKeRmUP_ehOfZqLFQI8H_78M&s=TUs6qbBtOYYy2ZkA23x01SIpWkOhGh7MyCtzmnWAAwE&e=" target="_parent"><span lang="FR-CA" style="color: blue;">http://nature.ca/en/research-collections/science-experts/jean-marc-gagnon</span></a></span></u><u><span lang="FR-CA" style='color: green; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt;'></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR-CA" style='color: navy; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt;'><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.nature.ca_&d=AwMGaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=isuYIIim2Tfpky71KTccKeRmUP_ehOfZqLFQI8H_78M&s=R8-K1m5XlXqmbAPa8oI88obti4xrgz5dKhsoc8R_YIE&e=" target="_parent"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: green; font-size: 7.5pt;">http://www.nature.ca</span></a>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR-CA" style="color: green;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'> nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu [mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>James Cokendolpher<br>
<b>Sent:</b> August-05-15 9:11 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Nhcoll-l] formalin fixed internal parasites</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">I have been following the current "rehydrating a formalin specimen" e-mails. We have several jars of dried nematods that I will be trying to rehydrate. </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">My
thoughts now are more to parasites that were fixed and currently remain in pH buffered formalin. </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">
</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">Should specimens like nematods, cestodes and the like remain in this solution forever if they originally were fixed in this solution?</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">We want to catalog the formalin collection but wondered if it could be transferred to ethanol without damaging the microscopical features first. Is there a internet discussion list established
for curators/workers with soft-bodied invertebrates? My desire to work with vials of ethanol versus formalin is primarily for safety and future ease of housing the collection.</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Thanks in advance for any guidance,</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">James</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">-------------------------------------------</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"> James Cokendolpher</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Invertebrate Zoology</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Museum of Texas Tech University</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
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