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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Hi Rob,<br>
<br>
I have been in contact with Schott glass because of the problems
we had with our historic specimen containers. This is very hard to
evaluate, as the observed effects strongly depend on the glass
composition of the respective jars, which, however, are rarely
known. Same applies for the production details (too evaluate the
amount of stress of the glass melt - e.g. if cooling was too
fast).<br>
<br>
As said before, I have some pictures on this (and a presentation)
- might be worth to revisit John Simmons excellent workshop on
specimen containers ?<br>
<br>
All the best<br>
Dirk<br>
<br>
<br>
Am 29.10.2015 um 21:48 schrieb Robert Waller:<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Hi Paul,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Thanks for
reminding me of those nice pictures.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">I wonder though
how much the glass disease issue contributed to the
breakage. Although a little difficult to make out in the
pictures it looks like the surface alteration of the glass
is still very thin in relation to the bulk of the glass
wall. If that is the case then it might not be the most
significant cause of fracture – perhaps thermal stress from
a manufacturing flaw or just past dropping contributed. Have
you ever seen comparable fractures in vials not exhibiting
glass disease? I suppose a 2x2 factor table relating count
of fractured and not fractured vials with and without glass
disease would let us know. Sounds like a counting job for an
intern!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Rob<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1
1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b>
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>
[<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>] <b>On Behalf
Of </b>Callomon,Paul<br>
<b>Sent:</b> October 29, 2015 4:01 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> NH-COLL listserv (<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a>)
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu"><nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu></a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Nhcoll-l] FW: More on jars<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Hi Rob,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">I’ve
occasionally seen glass vials weakened to the point of
fracture by glass disease. We illustrated one in Collections
Forum 26 (1-2): 35, fig. 3.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">PC<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">Paul Callomon</span></b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><br>
<i>Collection Manager, Malacology, Invertebrate Paleontology
and General Invertebrates</i></span><span
style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:center;background:white" align="center"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">
<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%"></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">Academy of Natural
Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">1900 Benjamin Franklin
Parkway, Philadelphia PA 19103-1195, USA<br>
<i><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:callomon@ansp.org" target="_blank">callomon@ansp.org</a> Tel 215-405-5096 -
Fax 215-299-1170</i></span><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF
1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">
Robert Waller [<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:rw@protectheritage.com">mailto:rw@protectheritage.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 29, 2015 3:46 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Callomon,Paul; NHCOLL-L<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [Nhcoll-l] More on jars<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Hi Paul,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">There is not
really a “</span>difference in pressure between the internal
structure of the glass and the external environment<span
style="color:#1F497D">”. In both cases, ambient RH or fluid
preservative, alkali cations (Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>+</sup>)
are leached out of the glass and replaced with H<sup>+</sup>
from the water. There will be a gradual migration of alkali
cations toward the surface and a gradual counter migration
of H<sup>+</sup> inward (charge balance must always be
maintained). There is no “pressure differential” between
outside and inside of the glass – at least not due to alkali
migration.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Is it important
at all?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">We are
exchanging Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>+</sup>, from the glass in
exchange for some H<sup>+</sup> from the solution. But that
is, after all, what a buffer would do and we might choose to
add a buffer purposely. I doubt there would be a situation
where a soda lime glass would raise the pH of a preservative
solution above neutral though I am open to being corrected
on that if I am wrong and someone knows better. Myself, I
don’t think that this source of preservative solution
composition alteration poses any significant risk to
collection preservation.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">The glass jar
is eroded and weakened and this could be a concern. Still so
long as the inside of the jar remains “wet” there will be a
layer of hydrated glass (like on a pH sensing electrode)
that will reduce the rate of reaction (like a tarnish layer
can protect a metal). I would be surprised if there were a
case of glass jar failure due to this cause, though again I
am open to being corrected by anyone with experience of such
a failure.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Rob<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1
1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>
[<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Callomon,Paul<br>
<b>Sent:</b> October 29, 2015 1:11 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> NH-COLL listserv (<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a>)
<<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Nhcoll-l] More on jars<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Folks,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">So here’s a jar question that perhaps
someone has answered:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In “glass disease” the non-silicate
components of, say, soda glass gradually leach out of the
silicate matrix and onto the surface as hydrated compounds.
This happens more where humidity is high, as water is involved
in the latter stages of the reaction. In vials found in dry
collections, the resulting compounds can be seen as droplets
of moisture on the surface of the glass. They will be on both
the inside and outside if the vial is only stoppered with
cotton, allowing its internal humidity to be close to ambient.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Where the jar or vial is full of fluid,
however, the values representing the difference in pressure
between the internal structure of the glass and the external
environment will differ between the interior and exterior. So
the question is: will the rate of migration of the
non-silicate compounds differ accordingly – that is, will they
tend head for the outside of the jar, where the pressure
differential is higher? The answer, if there is one, may have
a bearing on the extent to which glass deterioration will
contaminate the fluid in the jar. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">Paul Callomon</span></b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><br>
<i>Collection Manager, Malacology, Invertebrate Paleontology
and General Invertebrates</i></span><span
style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:center;background:white" align="center"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">
<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%"></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">Academy of Natural
Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">1900 Benjamin Franklin
Parkway, Philadelphia PA 19103-1195, USA<br>
<i><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:callomon@ansp.org" target="_blank">callomon@ansp.org</a> Tel 215-405-5096 -
Fax 215-299-1170</i></span><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<br>
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