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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Hi Sarah,<br>
<br>
alcohol above 95% is technically dried (to remove the residual
water which at this point can hardly be removed by distillation)
with low boiling benzines. The resulting ethanol is traded as <i>High
Gradient Grade</i> ethanol or similar (99.9 %).<br>
<br>
We had repeatly bad results using technically dried ethanol when
preserving fish tissues (tissue : ethanol ratio was around 1:3 to
avoid dilution from released tissue fluids). We do not know the
exact reasons, but suppose residual chemicals used during
technical drying or subsequent purification to have caused
observed degradation of tissues.<br>
<br>
Since then, we avoid 99.9 % and use 95% only, with good results.
Tissues are stored at -25°C, however insects may be more stable
under refrigerated conditions ( + 4°C), because released fats may
form waxy deposits on the cuticula, which can hardly be removed if
"empty" specimens (after extraction) should be prepared for final
storage in dry collections.<br>
<br>
Hope this helps<br>
Dirk<br>
<br>
(thanks for sharing the PDFs, Andy!) <br>
<br>
Am 27.01.2016 um 18:56 schrieb Callomon,Paul:<br>
</div>
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<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">As
Simon points out, it depends what you want the specimen for.
On the one hand, in our experience clean DNA (single genes
or the whole thing) can be got from specimens in
concentrations as low as 70% (though there is some variation
between organisms); on the other, 95% will shrink and harden
a specimen, making it difficult to do anatomical work
without rehydration that itself damages cells. Absolute
alcohol (99.9%) has been denatured using chemicals, as
distillation only gets purity up to 95%. Any trace
denaturant might have unpredictable long-term effects on the
specimen.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">PC<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">Paul
Callomon</span></b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black"><br>
<i>Collection Manager, Malacology, Invertebrate Paleontology
and General Invertebrates</i></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:center;background:white" align="center">
<span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">
<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%">
</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">Academy
of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia</span></b><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">1900
Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia PA 19103-1195, USA</span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black"><br>
<i><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:callomon@ansp.org" target="_blank">callomon@ansp.org</a> Tel 215-405-5096 -
Fax 215-299-1170</i></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF
1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>
[<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Simon Moore<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, January 27, 2016 12:47 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Sarah K. Huber<br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a>; Eric Hilton<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Nhcoll-l] Ethanol concentration for
tissue samples<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Hi Sarah,<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Presumably this relates to preservation
of DNA? If so, then it was agreed, a few years ago, that
using 96% ethanol and stored at 5 deg. C was the best. 99%
and absolute were found to be less effective.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">I am sure there will be other comments
relating to this.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">With
all good wishes, Simon.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">Simon
Moore MIScT, RSci, FLS, ACR<br>
Conservator of Natural Sciences and Cutlery
Historian,<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.natural-2Dhistory-2Dconservation.com&d=AwMFAw&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=MdgXxloTDHBxPRNNRBDOtAs10obcg32_edRdQjHAD7U&s=rl1pZGY6sHOn5Tz9XTlu0JlqWEQ5y0JA4HMvMWtpVE0&e=">www.natural-history-conservation.com</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span
style="color:black"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">On 27 Jan 2016, at 17:34, Sarah K.
Huber <<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:skhuber@vims.edu">skhuber@vims.edu</a>>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">I
recently had a graduate student request 100%
absolute ethanol to use for preserving tissue
samples (fish muscle and/or fins). We routinely
use 95% ethanol (and all tissue samples are then
stored in a -80 freezer); however, the student is
adamant that 100% is the only preservative that is
acceptable for tissue preservation. Does anyone
have an opinion on 95% versus 100% ethanol for
tissue preservation? There is a very steep price
difference between the two fluids, and my
understanding is that 95% ethanol preserves
tissues just as well as 100%.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">Sarah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""><br>
Sarah K. Huber, Ph.D.</span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""><br>
Curatorial Associate, VIMS
Nunnally Ichthyology Collection<br>
Office 804.684.7104<span
class="apple-converted-space"> </span>|
Collection 804.684.7285<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:skhuber@vims.edu">skhuber@vims.edu</a><span
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<pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
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<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
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