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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Dear all,<br>
<br>
even though the US is not party of the CBD (and NP), US colleagues
wishing to access genetic resources in Providing Countries outside
the US are obliged to follow national access laws of Providing
Countries. Access and benefit sharing will be laid down in mutual
contracts, which are of course legally binding, also for
colleagues & institutions in the US.<br>
<br>
The only difference is that Providing Countries cannot open law
cases at US courts directly (which is possible between NP
parties), but US colleagues might be tied to US courts indirectly
under the Lacey Act. Also, there is a huge reputational risk for
researchers and institutions which could negatively impact
existing collaborations. <br>
<br>
We (CETAF & the Legislation and Regulations Committee of
SPNHC) are currently working on practicable solutions (voluntary
Best Practices open for researchers and institutions inside and
outside CETAF), which will be presented during an own workshop
during the SPNHC Meeting in Berlin this June.<br>
<br>
Further reading:<br>
SPNHC Connection:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.spnhc.org_media_assets_ABS-2DGlobalImplications-5FSPNHC-2DSep2014Vol28.pdf&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=2EPwe4xdJVV76n1tDCnsjB6uCx8wzMP0R-28g6lqZ24&s=_RzOipiQo3I1E9gcXcToCdhqneM_N5eZbhQJIyeWHWk&e=">http://www.spnhc.org/media/assets/ABS-GlobalImplications_SPNHC-Sep2014Vol28.pdf</a><br>
CETAF Code of Conduct:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__cetaf.org_sites_default_files_final-5Fcetaf-5Fabs-5Fcoc.pdf&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=2EPwe4xdJVV76n1tDCnsjB6uCx8wzMP0R-28g6lqZ24&s=izvgUs_9OvECoutTGyJ5GcyoMSCV_bT8FjMr_vTw3qA&e=">http://cetaf.org/sites/default/files/final_cetaf_abs_coc.pdf</a> <br>
<br>
and<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.spnhc.org_37_best-2Dpractices&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=2EPwe4xdJVV76n1tDCnsjB6uCx8wzMP0R-28g6lqZ24&s=GoPUmwVTwhvw2uNbOZ2zXtfZyPogc7L5CPiPt_RlxnI&e=">http://www.spnhc.org/37/best-practices</a><br>
<br>
All the best<br>
Dirk<br>
<br>
<br>
Am 29.02.2016 um 18:16 schrieb Ellen Paul:<br>
</div>
<blockquote cite="mid:56D47CE3.3080409@verizon.net" type="cite">
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Please forgive the vagueness of this information but I'm only now
beginning to wrap my head around Nagoya and what it will mean for
importing into and exporting from the U.S. I wanted to share what
I learned from my conversation with the State Dept. staffer who is
the U.S. point of contact (and herself holds a Ph.D in
evolutionary biology, so she speaks the language, so to speak).<br>
<br>
Realize that the U.S. is not a party to the Convention on
Biological Diversity and therefore can't ratify the Nagoya
Protocol
<meta charset="utf-8">
on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing
of Benefits Arising from their Utilization (ABS). The ABS
<meta charset="utf-8">
is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological
Diversity. It provides a transparent legal framework for the
effective implementation of one of the three objectives of the
CBD: the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the
utilization of genetic resources.<br>
<br>
However, the U.S. (through the State Dept.) attends the meetings
as an observer and does the best it can in that constrained role
to represent the interests of the U.S. and its citizens. <br>
<br>
Nagoya has been in force since 2014 but as with all international
agreements, it takes a while for the parties to get their internal
acts together, i.e., developing in-country implementing
legislation, regulations, procedures (witness CITES - about 1/3 of
the countries do not yet have internal legislation - and that's
been 30 plus years). <br>
<br>
To keep up with Nagoya's development, there is a webpage: <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__absch.cbd.int_&d=AwMDaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=3oM8knvzjelrZwQJfOG0G0ggb15GLtssw7Npv88neMg&s=m9kWbQWawQ-M2p20L_MLGjGHe6zG5inru40a7MgzKbo&e="><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://absch.cbd.int/">https://absch.cbd.int/</a></a><br>
<br>
For each country, you can determine if there is a <br>
- focal point (contact person)<br>
- competent national authority (agency designated to implement) <br>
- internal legislation, regulation, or procedure<br>
<br>
In theory, this will generally affect scientific exports in that
you will have to show that you have met the requirements of the
exporting country in terms of <br>
<br>
- having a valid access agreement, if one is required<br>
and <br>
- prior informed consent (of the owner of the resource) - in other
words, before getting permission to collect, you told that owner
that the resource might be<br>
used for commercial benefit and that you would meet the
requirements of the owner, if any, for sharing of those benefits<br>
<br>
Where this gets messy in a hurry is pre-Nagoya "stuff" because
each country is going to have its own rules. One would hope that
the countries realize that anything but prospective application is
going to be a huge problem. You can't retroactively get prior
informed consent once something was already collected. But even
prospectively, each country may have a different starting date. <br>
<br>
Right now, in the U.S., the only federal landowner with a benefits
sharing agreement is the National Park Service. Therefore. if you
collect on NPS lands, be sure to keep both the permits and the
benefits sharing agreements. In perpetuity. Because you never know
when someone will export that material. If it is going to a Nagoya
country, it is going to be a legal requirement. <br>
<br>
In terms of private landowners in countries, such as the U.S., if
the U.S. law does not require prior informed consent, then in
theory, you will not have to prove prior informed consent in order
to export to a Nagoya country. <br>
<br>
Really, in a way this is similar to the way the U.S. Lacey Act
works in requiring that in order to import, you have to have
complied with all the laws of the exporting country. That could be
collecting and/or export permits, but in countries like India and
Brazil, it is benefits sharing agreements, too. <br>
<br>
What is even more worrisome is that the Nagoya Protocol doesn't
define utilization in a precise manner: <br>
<br>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<i>Utilization of genetic resources” means to conduct research and
development on the genetic and/or biochemical composition of
genetic resources, including through the application of
biotechnology as defined in Article 2 of the Convention</i><i><br>
<br>
</i>Which is: <br>
<br>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<i>"Genetic resources" means genetic material of actual or
potential value.<br>
<br>
</i>(Pretty much anything with nucleic acids)<br>
<br>
So to be on the safe side, you pretty much have to assume that you
are going to be dealing with Nagoya. If exporting from the U.S.,
that means having to prove compliance with U.S. law, which at this
point, except for the NPS, does not require benefits sharing
agreements. To the best of my knowledge, there are no prior
consent requirements in any state, but I haven't researched it. It
may (probably will) require proof that the material was collected
lawfully and if that requirement is retrospective, that could be a
problem. <br>
<br>
However, it is definitely going to be prospective, so from now on,
you are going to need to keep (paper or scan? who knows?) all
documents associated with specimens and samples. Forever.<br>
<br>
If a country's requirement is retroactive and the material was
collected before permits were required, it is not clear how you
will be able to prove that. It is not yet known if some U.S.
government agency will issue documentation to verify that no
permit was needed. If a permit was needed but you have no copy,
and the issuing agency has no copy...who knows.<br>
<br>
FWIW, here's the EU regulation, which may very well be a model for
other countries:
<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__eur-2Dlex.europa.eu_legal-2Dcontent_EN_TXT_HTML_-3Furi-3DCELEX-3A32014R0511-26from-3DEN&d=AwMDaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=3oM8knvzjelrZwQJfOG0G0ggb15GLtssw7Npv88neMg&s=hegcQWNPaqtF0hk20AW8DD2_Qz3-O5A2Yx3FwV1IBEA&e=">http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014R0511&from=EN</a><br>
<br>
Ellen<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Ellen Paul</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Executive Director</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.nmnh.si.edu_BIRDNET&d=AwMDaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=3oM8knvzjelrZwQJfOG0G0ggb15GLtssw7Npv88neMg&s=eUQMyB3ky8FmOQ5MOp3HSBdsmg3mKC1ATTpFj5JsNJ0&e=">Ornithological
Council</a> <br>
Providing Scientific Information about Birds</p>
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<br>
<pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
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_______________________________________________
NHCOLL-L is brought to you by the Society for the Preservation of
Natural History Collections (SPNHC), an international society whose
mission is to improve the preservation, conservation and management of
natural history collections to ensure their continuing value to
society. See <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.spnhc.org&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=2EPwe4xdJVV76n1tDCnsjB6uCx8wzMP0R-28g6lqZ24&s=cdxS-CydtlRSRI1AvLTlr4tXl592rLlnsbaCGVBbl1M&e=">http://www.spnhc.org</a> for membership information.
Advertising on NH-COLL-L is inappropriate.
</pre>
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<br>
<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Dirk Neumann
Tel: 089 / 8107-111
Fax: 089 / 8107-300
email: Dirk.Neumann(a)zsm.mwn.de
Postanschrift:
Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns
Zoologische Staatssammlung München
Dirk Neumann, Sektion Ichthyologie / DNA-Labor
Münchhausenstr. 21
81247 München
Besuchen Sie unsere Sammlung:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.zsm.mwn.de_ich_&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=2EPwe4xdJVV76n1tDCnsjB6uCx8wzMP0R-28g6lqZ24&s=fKaLcwF4J3Bb8KbLwcGgeNQOPeHYLyA456dpQEmD0Ys&e=">http://www.zsm.mwn.de/ich/</a>
---------
Dirk Neumann
Tel: +49-89-8107-111
Fax: +49-89-8107-300
email: Dirk.Neumann(a)zsm.mwn.de
postal address:
Bavarian Natural History Collections
The Bavarian State Collection of Zoology
Dirk Neumann, Section Ichthyology / DNA-Lab
Muenchhausenstr. 21
81247 Munich (Germany)
Visit our section at:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.zsm.mwn.de_ich_&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=2EPwe4xdJVV76n1tDCnsjB6uCx8wzMP0R-28g6lqZ24&s=fKaLcwF4J3Bb8KbLwcGgeNQOPeHYLyA456dpQEmD0Ys&e=">http://www.zsm.mwn.de/ich/</a>
</pre>
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