<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote">Hi all,<br><div dir="ltr"><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Following on...<br><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">To add to Dirk's resources: there's more information on best practices for access and benefit-sharing (including the excellent CETAF ones) at <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.cbd.int_abs_instruments_default.shtml&d=AwMFaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=S8rO1Ixu_2qDPPbF3bCsOYsCl6zMZ6btOYwRubqIVRs&s=-qA7nbjwpIh6EyXwAoFTE3J3ZMeCZU5MFHXG92IAYBE&e=" target="_blank">https://www.cbd.int/abs/instruments/default.shtml</a>, including especially...<br><br>- The Swiss Academy of Sciences good practice guide and model ABS agreement for non-commercial researchers; current versions are at <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.naturalsciences.ch_organisations_biodiversity_abs&d=AwMFaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=S8rO1Ixu_2qDPPbF3bCsOYsCl6zMZ6btOYwRubqIVRs&s=prp0rSU_d9DjCaeB74QmNEKDpNweWqgrlCIbkqylx1Q&e=" target="_blank">http://www.naturalsciences.ch/organisations/biodiversity/abs</a> and new ones will apparently be released in June. The guide provides a very readable background on ABS.<br><br>- An online learning tool on ABS, developed by BGCI and Kew, available at <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.bgci.org_policy_abs-5Flearning_&d=AwMFaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=S8rO1Ixu_2qDPPbF3bCsOYsCl6zMZ6btOYwRubqIVRs&s=emdQlnx6Ox6WpwkbEpENj3LEwSVASRevfWvukIhahvw&e=" target="_blank">http://www.bgci.org/policy/abs_learning/</a>. This tool targets botanic gardens/herbaria, but its first few modules are applicable across all collections. Similar tools for other sectors will soon be popping up on the CBD and CETAF websites; one focusing on DNA barcoding will be available by the end of the year.<br><br><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">This 2015 article is a handy USA-focused backgrounder on Nagoya but is now behind a paywall: <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__bioscience.oxfordjournals.org_content_65_6_543.extract&d=AwMFaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=S8rO1Ixu_2qDPPbF3bCsOYsCl6zMZ6btOYwRubqIVRs&s=VskIMSzE1O8cUdbD0wtYLky7WacRCP0vsnhgqHbuRiM&e=" target="_blank">http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/65/6/543.extract</a><br></div><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Very unfortunately, the ABS Clearing House isn't terribly well-populated yet
(though it does have the National Focal Points) so you'll
definitely need to dig to find out what laws and regulations currently apply. The Centre for
International Sustainable Development Law publishes occasional updates
of an 'Overview of National and Regional Measures on Access and
Benefit-Sharing,' most recently in 2014 - it's not very
collections-focused, though...<br><br>all the best,<br>Kate<br><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Kate Davis<br></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Consultant/ABS Advisor, Botanic Gardens Conservation International<br></div><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.bgci.org_policy_abs&d=AwMFaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=S8rO1Ixu_2qDPPbF3bCsOYsCl6zMZ6btOYwRubqIVRs&s=aI2rcgQqgDOjZGcLqBa-NK8Krexuvy9WF9Y5C1UHakQ&e=" target="_blank">www.bgci.org/policy/abs</a><br></div><div><div class="h5"><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Mar 1, 2016 at 8:17 AM, Ellen Paul <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:ellen.paul@verizon.net" target="_blank">ellen.paul@verizon.net</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"><span>
<br>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Ellen Paul</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Executive Director</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.nmnh.si.edu_BIRDNET&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=OhwjDY4SMJvwZk5meKLfKPrP61VqCZ-I3xXlrJ4dnL4&s=wUVND9aFqVe0jh6JHL3Rzyj8hGG5doKX--_woZDfj14&e=" target="_blank">Ornithological
Council</a> <br>
Providing Scientific Information about Birds</p>
</div>
</div>
</span><span><div>On 3/1/16 3:57 AM, Dirk Neumann wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>Dear all,<br>
<br>
even though the US is not party of the CBD (and NP), US
colleagues wishing to access genetic resources in Providing
Countries outside the US are obliged to follow national access
laws of Providing Countries. Access and benefit sharing will be
laid down in mutual contracts, which are of course legally
binding, also for colleagues & institutions in the US.<br>
</div>
</blockquote></span>
Correct. If you are bringing something in from a country that
requires such a contract (Nagoya party or not - these are variants
of material transfer agreements, which of course existed before
Nagoya).<br>
<br>
Just read those contracts carefully before signing. I just saw a
model contract (Argentina) that says "
The material used shall be
consumed during analysis; any remaining material shall either be
destroyed upon
completion of analysis or returned to PROVIDER after use."
<br>
<br>
It is going to be
critical that these terms can be altered upon mutual agreement of
the parties.<span><br>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div> <br>
The only difference is that Providing Countries cannot open law
cases at US courts directly (which is possible between NP
parties), but US colleagues might be tied to US courts
indirectly under the Lacey Act. </div>
</blockquote></span>
No "might" or "indirectly" about it. Under the Lacey Act, it is
unlawful for any person--<span> </span><br>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.1em;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Lato,Arial,Helvetica,"Nimbus Sans L",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:24px;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px"><br>
<br>
</p>
<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Lato,Arial,Helvetica,"Nimbus Sans L",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:24px;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;padding-left:30px"><b style="font-weight:bold">(1)<span> </span></b>to import,
export, transport, sell, receive, acquire, or purchase any fish or
wildlife or plant taken, possessed, transported, or sold in
violation of any law, treaty, or regulation of the United States
or in violation of any Indian tribal law;</div>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.1em;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Lato,Arial,Helvetica,"Nimbus Sans L",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:24px;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px"><br>
</p>
<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Lato,Arial,Helvetica,"Nimbus Sans L",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:24px;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;padding-left:30px"><b style="font-weight:bold">(2)<span> </span></b>to import,
export, transport, sell, receive, acquire, or purchase in
interstate or foreign commerce--</div>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.1em;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Lato,Arial,Helvetica,"Nimbus Sans L",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:24px;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px"><b style="font-weight:bold"> (A)<span> </span></b>any
fish or wildlife taken, possessed, transported, or sold in
violation of any law or regulation of any State or in violation of
any foreign law;<br>
</p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.1em;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Lato,Arial,Helvetica,"Nimbus Sans L",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:24px;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">Plants, too. <br>
</p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.1em;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Lato,Arial,Helvetica,"Nimbus Sans L",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:24px;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">Here's the <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.gpo.gov_fdsys_pkg_USCODE-2D2014-2Dtitle16_html_USCODE-2D2014-2Dtitle16-2Dchap53.htm&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=OhwjDY4SMJvwZk5meKLfKPrP61VqCZ-I3xXlrJ4dnL4&s=dn7-_Q1POu56d4hqh47BO8tH9FC_twtT121IOcroH-g&e=" target="_blank">full
text</a>.<br>
</p><span>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>Also, there is a huge reputational
risk for researchers and institutions which could negatively
impact existing collaborations. <br>
</div>
</blockquote>
<br></span>
Absolutely. <br><div><div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div> <br>
We (CETAF & the Legislation and Regulations Committee of
SPNHC) are currently working on practicable solutions (voluntary
Best Practices open for researchers and institutions inside and
outside CETAF), which will be presented during an own workshop
during the SPNHC Meeting in Berlin this June.<br>
<br>
Further reading:<br>
SPNHC Connection:
<a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.spnhc.org_media_assets_ABS-2DGlobalImplications-5FSPNHC-2DSep2014Vol28.pdf&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=2EPwe4xdJVV76n1tDCnsjB6uCx8wzMP0R-28g6lqZ24&s=_RzOipiQo3I1E9gcXcToCdhqneM_N5eZbhQJIyeWHWk&e=" target="_blank">http://www.spnhc.org/media/assets/ABS-GlobalImplications_SPNHC-Sep2014Vol28.pdf</a><br>
CETAF Code of Conduct: <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__cetaf.org_sites_default_files_final-5Fcetaf-5Fabs-5Fcoc.pdf&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=2EPwe4xdJVV76n1tDCnsjB6uCx8wzMP0R-28g6lqZ24&s=izvgUs_9OvECoutTGyJ5GcyoMSCV_bT8FjMr_vTw3qA&e=" target="_blank">http://cetaf.org/sites/default/files/final_cetaf_abs_coc.pdf</a>
<br>
<br>
and<br>
<a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.spnhc.org_37_best-2Dpractices&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=2EPwe4xdJVV76n1tDCnsjB6uCx8wzMP0R-28g6lqZ24&s=GoPUmwVTwhvw2uNbOZ2zXtfZyPogc7L5CPiPt_RlxnI&e=" target="_blank">http://www.spnhc.org/37/best-practices</a><br>
<br>
All the best<br>
Dirk<br>
<br>
<br>
Am 29.02.2016 um 18:16 schrieb Ellen Paul:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
Please forgive the vagueness of this information but I'm only
now beginning to wrap my head around Nagoya and what it will
mean for importing into and exporting from the U.S. I wanted to
share what I learned from my conversation with the State Dept.
staffer who is the U.S. point of contact (and herself holds a
Ph.D in evolutionary biology, so she speaks the language, so to
speak).<br>
<br>
Realize that the U.S. is not a party to the Convention on
Biological Diversity and therefore can't ratify the Nagoya
Protocol
on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable
Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization (ABS). The
ABS
is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological
Diversity. It provides a transparent legal framework for the
effective implementation of one of the three objectives of the
CBD: the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of
the utilization of genetic resources.<br>
<br>
However, the U.S. (through the State Dept.) attends the meetings
as an observer and does the best it can in that constrained role
to represent the interests of the U.S. and its citizens. <br>
<br>
Nagoya has been in force since 2014 but as with all
international agreements, it takes a while for the parties to
get their internal acts together, i.e., developing in-country
implementing legislation, regulations, procedures (witness CITES
- about 1/3 of the countries do not yet have internal
legislation - and that's been 30 plus years). <br>
<br>
To keep up with Nagoya's development, there is a webpage: <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__absch.cbd.int_&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=OhwjDY4SMJvwZk5meKLfKPrP61VqCZ-I3xXlrJ4dnL4&s=7zaglFUzu_St04BPveZTf4nh4mrPZif-Bsjkixk_H0g&e=" target="_blank"></a><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__absch.cbd.int_&d=AwMFaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=S8rO1Ixu_2qDPPbF3bCsOYsCl6zMZ6btOYwRubqIVRs&s=JdvSA4MAUmDVv0x7nvOUdj7MUGD1Cx-_gOpLF6qx8d8&e=" target="_blank">https://absch.cbd.int/</a><br>
<br>
For each country, you can determine if there is a <br>
- focal point (contact person)<br>
- competent national authority (agency designated to implement)
<br>
- internal legislation, regulation, or procedure<br>
<br>
In theory, this will generally affect scientific exports in that
you will have to show that you have met the requirements of the
exporting country in terms of <br>
<br>
- having a valid access agreement, if one is required<br>
and <br>
- prior informed consent (of the owner of the resource) - in
other words, before getting permission to collect, you told that
owner that the resource might be<br>
used for commercial benefit and that you would meet the
requirements of the owner, if any, for sharing of those benefits<br>
<br>
Where this gets messy in a hurry is pre-Nagoya "stuff" because
each country is going to have its own rules. One would hope that
the countries realize that anything but prospective application
is going to be a huge problem. You can't retroactively get prior
informed consent once something was already collected. But even
prospectively, each country may have a different starting date.
<br>
<br>
Right now, in the U.S., the only federal landowner with a
benefits sharing agreement is the National Park Service.
Therefore. if you collect on NPS lands, be sure to keep both the
permits and the benefits sharing agreements. In perpetuity.
Because you never know when someone will export that material.
If it is going to a Nagoya country, it is going to be a legal
requirement. <br>
<br>
In terms of private landowners in countries, such as the U.S.,
if the U.S. law does not require prior informed consent, then in
theory, you will not have to prove prior informed consent in
order to export to a Nagoya country. <br>
<br>
Really, in a way this is similar to the way the U.S. Lacey Act
works in requiring that in order to import, you have to have
complied with all the laws of the exporting country. That could
be collecting and/or export permits, but in countries like India
and Brazil, it is benefits sharing agreements, too. <br>
<br>
What is even more worrisome is that the Nagoya Protocol doesn't
define utilization in a precise manner: <br>
<br>
<i>Utilization of genetic resources” means to conduct research
and development on the genetic and/or biochemical composition
of genetic resources, including through the application of
biotechnology as defined in Article 2 of the Convention</i><i><br>
<br>
</i>Which is: <br>
<br>
<i>"Genetic resources" means genetic material of actual or
potential value.<br>
<br>
</i>(Pretty much anything with nucleic acids)<br>
<br>
So to be on the safe side, you pretty much have to assume that
you are going to be dealing with Nagoya. If exporting from the
U.S., that means having to prove compliance with U.S. law, which
at this point, except for the NPS, does not require benefits
sharing agreements. To the best of my knowledge, there are no
prior consent requirements in any state, but I haven't
researched it. It may (probably will) require proof that the
material was collected lawfully and if that requirement is
retrospective, that could be a problem. <br>
<br>
However, it is definitely going to be prospective, so from now
on, you are going to need to keep (paper or scan? who knows?)
all documents associated with specimens and samples. Forever.<br>
<br>
If a country's requirement is retroactive and the material was
collected before permits were required, it is not clear how you
will be able to prove that. It is not yet known if some U.S.
government agency will issue documentation to verify that no
permit was needed. If a permit was needed but you have no copy,
and the issuing agency has no copy...who knows.<br>
<br>
FWIW, here's the EU regulation, which may very well be a model
for other countries: <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__eur-2Dlex.europa.eu_legal-2Dcontent_EN_TXT_HTML_-3Furi-3DCELEX-3A32014R0511-26from-3DEN&d=AwMDaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=3oM8knvzjelrZwQJfOG0G0ggb15GLtssw7Npv88neMg&s=hegcQWNPaqtF0hk20AW8DD2_Qz3-O5A2Yx3FwV1IBEA&e=" target="_blank">http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014R0511&from=EN</a><br>
<br>
Ellen<br>
<div>-- <br>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Ellen Paul</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Executive Director</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.nmnh.si.edu_BIRDNET&d=AwMDaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=3oM8knvzjelrZwQJfOG0G0ggb15GLtssw7Npv88neMg&s=eUQMyB3ky8FmOQ5MOp3HSBdsmg3mKC1ATTpFj5JsNJ0&e=" target="_blank">Ornithological
Council</a> <br>
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</div>
</div>
<br>
<fieldset></fieldset>
<br>
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</pre>
</blockquote>
<br>
<br>
<pre cols="72">--
Dirk Neumann
Tel: 089 / 8107-111
Fax: 089 / 8107-300
email: Dirk.Neumann(a)<a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__zsm.mwn.de&d=AwMFaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=S8rO1Ixu_2qDPPbF3bCsOYsCl6zMZ6btOYwRubqIVRs&s=C5kAtHMcGeSjUyyPKbFzZsTbi284-lYVtV1-FHFr0-E&e=" target="_blank">zsm.mwn.de</a>
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---------
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Tel: <a href="tel:%2B49-89-8107-111" value="+49898107111" target="_blank">+49-89-8107-111</a>
Fax: <a href="tel:%2B49-89-8107-300" value="+49898107300" target="_blank">+49-89-8107-300</a>
email: Dirk.Neumann(a)<a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__zsm.mwn.de&d=AwMFaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=S8rO1Ixu_2qDPPbF3bCsOYsCl6zMZ6btOYwRubqIVRs&s=C5kAtHMcGeSjUyyPKbFzZsTbi284-lYVtV1-FHFr0-E&e=" target="_blank">zsm.mwn.de</a>
postal address:
Bavarian Natural History Collections
The Bavarian State Collection of Zoology
Dirk Neumann, Section Ichthyology / DNA-Lab
Muenchhausenstr. 21
81247 Munich (Germany)
Visit our section at:
<a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.zsm.mwn.de_ich_&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=2EPwe4xdJVV76n1tDCnsjB6uCx8wzMP0R-28g6lqZ24&s=fKaLcwF4J3Bb8KbLwcGgeNQOPeHYLyA456dpQEmD0Ys&e=" target="_blank">http://www.zsm.mwn.de/ich/</a>
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