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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Thanks Kate<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">This is indeed valuable information and great to see that the initiative has been taken to provide this to the community. One of the things that SPNHC is in
the process of creating is a best practices wiki for the natural history museum community. It would be great if we could accumulate all this information in one place for use by that community. I know that Dirk is already involved with this initiative but
I wondered if you would be willing, first to allow this information to be shared thr4ough the SPNHC best practices wiki as it makes no sense to reinvent the wheel here, and secondly whether you would be willing to be actively involved in assisting in the creation
of a Nagoya/benefit sharing best practices page? I am sure your help and insights would be greatly appreciated.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">At some point I also think it would be great to have a presentation on the US take on all this at one of our meetings. Our next meeting, after the one in Berlin
this year is in Denver and maybe that would be a prime opportunity to have someone obviously knowledgeable on the subject such as yourself to give such a presentation. I fear that because the US is not a signatory that most people are simply making like an
ostrich and sticking their head in the sand not realizing the far reaching implications of this on us even though we are not directly afflicted.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Ellen has also suggested a joint webinar for the community outlining the pitfalls and factors to be aware of and as that could be accomplished in a shorter time
frame maybe that would be a good primer. I am certain there would be a lot of interest from the natural history collections community. Would you also be willing to be involved in such an endeavor?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Thanks<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Andy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"> A : A : A :<br>
}<(((_°>.,.,.,.}<(((_°>.,.,.,.}<)))_°><br>
V V V<br>
Andy Bentley<br>
Ichthyology Collection Manager<br>
University of Kansas<br>
Biodiversity Institute<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Dyche Hall<br>
1345 Jayhawk Boulevard<br>
Lawrence, KS, 66045-7561<br>
USA<br>
<br>
Tel: (785) 864-3863<br>
Fax: (785) 864-5335 <br>
Email: <a href="mailto:abentley@ku.edu">abentley@ku.edu</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__ichthyology.biodiversity.ku.edu_&d=AwMGaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=sGTMVwJoJM8k9x4b5F2oUI0JKJgFXwSF4plZ-uOgQHQ&s=qnMQcGgCwsLPlp13fV00BDVzq5STdT444dzI_LxjOgc&e=">http://ichthyology.biodiversity.ku.edu</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">SPNHC President<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.spnhc.org_&d=AwMGaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=sGTMVwJoJM8k9x4b5F2oUI0JKJgFXwSF4plZ-uOgQHQ&s=udWRNdfDePSMIpET5Jjv1BPiuPbM_j5cj7S8DdRXFQ0&e=">http://www.spnhc.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"> : : <br>
A : A : A :<br>
}<(((_°>.,.,.,.}<(((_°>.,.,.,.}<)))_°><br>
V V V</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu [mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Kathryn Davis<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, March 01, 2016 8:53 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu; Ellen Paul <ellen.paul@verizon.net>; Dirk Neumann <Dirk.Neumann@zsm.mwn.de><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Nhcoll-l] Nagoya is coming down the pike<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hi all,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Following on...<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">To add to Dirk's resources: there's more information on best practices for access and benefit-sharing (including the excellent CETAF ones) at
<a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.cbd.int_abs_instruments_default.shtml&d=AwMFaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=S8rO1Ixu_2qDPPbF3bCsOYsCl6zMZ6btOYwRubqIVRs&s=-qA7nbjwpIh6EyXwAoFTE3J3ZMeCZU5MFHXG92IAYBE&e=" target="_blank">
https://www.cbd.int/abs/instruments/default.shtml</a>, including especially...<br>
<br>
- The Swiss Academy of Sciences good practice guide and model ABS agreement for non-commercial researchers; current versions are at
<a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.naturalsciences.ch_organisations_biodiversity_abs&d=AwMFaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=S8rO1Ixu_2qDPPbF3bCsOYsCl6zMZ6btOYwRubqIVRs&s=prp0rSU_d9DjCaeB74QmNEKDpNweWqgrlCIbkqylx1Q&e=" target="_blank">
http://www.naturalsciences.ch/organisations/biodiversity/abs</a> and new ones will apparently be released in June. The guide provides a very readable background on ABS.<br>
<br>
- An online learning tool on ABS, developed by BGCI and Kew, available at <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.bgci.org_policy_abs-5Flearning_&d=AwMFaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=S8rO1Ixu_2qDPPbF3bCsOYsCl6zMZ6btOYwRubqIVRs&s=emdQlnx6Ox6WpwkbEpENj3LEwSVASRevfWvukIhahvw&e=" target="_blank">
http://www.bgci.org/policy/abs_learning/</a>. This tool targets botanic gardens/herbaria, but its first few modules are applicable across all collections. Similar tools for other sectors will soon be popping up on the CBD and CETAF websites; one focusing on
DNA barcoding will be available by the end of the year.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">This 2015 article is a handy USA-focused backgrounder on Nagoya but is now behind a paywall:
<a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__bioscience.oxfordjournals.org_content_65_6_543.extract&d=AwMFaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=S8rO1Ixu_2qDPPbF3bCsOYsCl6zMZ6btOYwRubqIVRs&s=VskIMSzE1O8cUdbD0wtYLky7WacRCP0vsnhgqHbuRiM&e=" target="_blank">
http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/65/6/543.extract</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Very unfortunately, the ABS Clearing House isn't terribly well-populated yet (though it does have the National Focal Points) so you'll definitely need to dig to find
out what laws and regulations currently apply. The Centre for International Sustainable Development Law publishes occasional updates of an 'Overview of National and Regional Measures on Access and Benefit-Sharing,' most recently in 2014 - it's not very collections-focused,
though...<br>
<br>
all the best,<br>
Kate<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Kate Davis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Consultant/ABS Advisor, Botanic Gardens Conservation International<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.bgci.org_policy_abs&d=AwMFaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=S8rO1Ixu_2qDPPbF3bCsOYsCl6zMZ6btOYwRubqIVRs&s=aI2rcgQqgDOjZGcLqBa-NK8Krexuvy9WF9Y5C1UHakQ&e=" target="_blank">www.bgci.org/policy/abs</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">On Tue, Mar 1, 2016 at 8:17 AM, Ellen Paul <<a href="mailto:ellen.paul@verizon.net" target="_blank">ellen.paul@verizon.net</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Ellen Paul<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Executive Director<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.nmnh.si.edu_BIRDNET&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=OhwjDY4SMJvwZk5meKLfKPrP61VqCZ-I3xXlrJ4dnL4&s=wUVND9aFqVe0jh6JHL3Rzyj8hGG5doKX--_woZDfj14&e=" target="_blank">Ornithological
Council</a> <br>
Providing Scientific Information about Birds<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">On 3/1/16 3:57 AM, Dirk Neumann wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
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<p class="MsoNormal">Dear all,<br>
<br>
even though the US is not party of the CBD (and NP), US colleagues wishing to access genetic resources in Providing Countries outside the US are obliged to follow national access laws of Providing Countries. Access and benefit sharing will be laid down in mutual
contracts, which are of course legally binding, also for colleagues & institutions in the US.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal">Correct. If you are bringing something in from a country that requires such a contract (Nagoya party or not - these are variants of material transfer agreements, which of course existed before Nagoya).<br>
<br>
Just read those contracts carefully before signing. I just saw a model contract (Argentina) that says " The material used shall be consumed during analysis; any remaining material shall either be destroyed upon completion of analysis or returned to PROVIDER
after use." <br>
<br>
It is going to be critical that these terms can be altered upon mutual agreement of the parties.<br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
The only difference is that Providing Countries cannot open law cases at US courts directly (which is possible between NP parties), but US colleagues might be tied to US courts indirectly under the Lacey Act.
<o:p></o:p></p>
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</blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal">No "might" or "indirectly" about it. Under the Lacey Act, it is unlawful for any person-- <br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:18.0pt">
<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:18.0pt"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">(1) </span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">to import, export, transport, sell, receive, acquire, or purchase any fish or
wildlife or plant taken, possessed, transported, or sold in violation of any law, treaty, or regulation of the United States or in violation of any Indian tribal law;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:13.2pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:18.0pt;text-align:start;word-spacing:0px">
<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:18.0pt"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">(2) </span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">to import, export, transport, sell, receive, acquire, or purchase in interstate
or foreign commerce--<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:13.2pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:18.0pt;text-align:start;word-spacing:0px">
<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"> (A) </span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">any fish or wildlife taken, possessed, transported, or sold in violation of any law or regulation of any State or in
violation of any foreign law;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:13.2pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:18.0pt;text-align:start;word-spacing:0px">
<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Plants, too. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:13.2pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:18.0pt;text-align:start;word-spacing:0px">
<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Here's the <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.gpo.gov_fdsys_pkg_USCODE-2D2014-2Dtitle16_html_USCODE-2D2014-2Dtitle16-2Dchap53.htm&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=OhwjDY4SMJvwZk5meKLfKPrP61VqCZ-I3xXlrJ4dnL4&s=dn7-_Q1POu56d4hqh47BO8tH9FC_twtT121IOcroH-g&e=" target="_blank">
full text</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
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<p class="MsoNormal">Also, there is a huge reputational risk for researchers and institutions which could negatively impact existing collaborations.
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
Absolutely. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
We (CETAF & the Legislation and Regulations Committee of SPNHC) are currently working on practicable solutions (voluntary Best Practices open for researchers and institutions inside and outside CETAF), which will be presented during an own workshop during the
SPNHC Meeting in Berlin this June.<br>
<br>
Further reading:<br>
SPNHC Connection: <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.spnhc.org_media_assets_ABS-2DGlobalImplications-5FSPNHC-2DSep2014Vol28.pdf&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=2EPwe4xdJVV76n1tDCnsjB6uCx8wzMP0R-28g6lqZ24&s=_RzOipiQo3I1E9gcXcToCdhqneM_N5eZbhQJIyeWHWk&e=" target="_blank">
http://www.spnhc.org/media/assets/ABS-GlobalImplications_SPNHC-Sep2014Vol28.pdf</a><br>
CETAF Code of Conduct: <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__cetaf.org_sites_default_files_final-5Fcetaf-5Fabs-5Fcoc.pdf&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=2EPwe4xdJVV76n1tDCnsjB6uCx8wzMP0R-28g6lqZ24&s=izvgUs_9OvECoutTGyJ5GcyoMSCV_bT8FjMr_vTw3qA&e=" target="_blank">
http://cetaf.org/sites/default/files/final_cetaf_abs_coc.pdf</a> <br>
<br>
and<br>
<a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.spnhc.org_37_best-2Dpractices&d=AwMD-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=2EPwe4xdJVV76n1tDCnsjB6uCx8wzMP0R-28g6lqZ24&s=GoPUmwVTwhvw2uNbOZ2zXtfZyPogc7L5CPiPt_RlxnI&e=" target="_blank">http://www.spnhc.org/37/best-practices</a><br>
<br>
All the best<br>
Dirk<br>
<br>
<br>
Am 29.02.2016 um 18:16 schrieb Ellen Paul:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">Please forgive the vagueness of this information but I'm only now beginning to wrap my head around Nagoya and what it will mean for importing into and exporting from the U.S. I wanted to share what I learned from my conversation with the
State Dept. staffer who is the U.S. point of contact (and herself holds a Ph.D in evolutionary biology, so she speaks the language, so to speak).<br>
<br>
Realize that the U.S. is not a party to the Convention on Biological Diversity and therefore can't ratify the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization (ABS). The ABS is a supplementary
agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity. It provides a transparent legal framework for the effective implementation of one of the three objectives of the CBD: the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic
resources.<br>
<br>
However, the U.S. (through the State Dept.) attends the meetings as an observer and does the best it can in that constrained role to represent the interests of the U.S. and its citizens.
<br>
<br>
Nagoya has been in force since 2014 but as with all international agreements, it takes a while for the parties to get their internal acts together, i.e., developing in-country implementing legislation, regulations, procedures (witness CITES - about 1/3 of the
countries do not yet have internal legislation - and that's been 30 plus years).
<br>
<br>
To keep up with Nagoya's development, there is a webpage: <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__absch.cbd.int_&d=AwMFaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=S8rO1Ixu_2qDPPbF3bCsOYsCl6zMZ6btOYwRubqIVRs&s=JdvSA4MAUmDVv0x7nvOUdj7MUGD1Cx-_gOpLF6qx8d8&e=" target="_blank">
https://absch.cbd.int/</a><br>
<br>
For each country, you can determine if there is a <br>
- focal point (contact person)<br>
- competent national authority (agency designated to implement) <br>
- internal legislation, regulation, or procedure<br>
<br>
In theory, this will generally affect scientific exports in that you will have to show that you have met the requirements of the exporting country in terms of
<br>
<br>
- having a valid access agreement, if one is required<br>
and <br>
- prior informed consent (of the owner of the resource) - in other words, before getting permission to collect, you told that owner that the resource might be<br>
used for commercial benefit and that you would meet the requirements of the owner, if any, for sharing of those benefits<br>
<br>
Where this gets messy in a hurry is pre-Nagoya "stuff" because each country is going to have its own rules. One would hope that the countries realize that anything but prospective application is going to be a huge problem. You can't retroactively get prior
informed consent once something was already collected. But even prospectively, each country may have a different starting date.
<br>
<br>
Right now, in the U.S., the only federal landowner with a benefits sharing agreement is the National Park Service. Therefore. if you collect on NPS lands, be sure to keep both the permits and the benefits sharing agreements. In perpetuity. Because you never
know when someone will export that material. If it is going to a Nagoya country, it is going to be a legal requirement.
<br>
<br>
In terms of private landowners in countries, such as the U.S., if the U.S. law does not require prior informed consent, then in theory, you will not have to prove prior informed consent in order to export to a Nagoya country.
<br>
<br>
Really, in a way this is similar to the way the U.S. Lacey Act works in requiring that in order to import, you have to have complied with all the laws of the exporting country. That could be collecting and/or export permits, but in countries like India and
Brazil, it is benefits sharing agreements, too. <br>
<br>
What is even more worrisome is that the Nagoya Protocol doesn't define utilization in a precise manner:
<br>
<br>
<i>Utilization of genetic resources” means to conduct research and development on the genetic and/or biochemical composition of genetic resources, including through the application of biotechnology as defined in Article 2 of the Convention<br>
<br>
</i>Which is: <br>
<br>
<i>"Genetic resources" means genetic material of actual or potential value.<br>
<br>
</i>(Pretty much anything with nucleic acids)<br>
<br>
So to be on the safe side, you pretty much have to assume that you are going to be dealing with Nagoya. If exporting from the U.S., that means having to prove compliance with U.S. law, which at this point, except for the NPS, does not require benefits sharing
agreements. To the best of my knowledge, there are no prior consent requirements in any state, but I haven't researched it. It may (probably will) require proof that the material was collected lawfully and if that requirement is retrospective, that could be
a problem. <br>
<br>
However, it is definitely going to be prospective, so from now on, you are going to need to keep (paper or scan? who knows?) all documents associated with specimens and samples. Forever.<br>
<br>
If a country's requirement is retroactive and the material was collected before permits were required, it is not clear how you will be able to prove that. It is not yet known if some U.S. government agency will issue documentation to verify that no permit was
needed. If a permit was needed but you have no copy, and the issuing agency has no copy...who knows.<br>
<br>
FWIW, here's the EU regulation, which may very well be a model for other countries:
<a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__eur-2Dlex.europa.eu_legal-2Dcontent_EN_TXT_HTML_-3Furi-3DCELEX-3A32014R0511-26from-3DEN&d=AwMDaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=3oM8knvzjelrZwQJfOG0G0ggb15GLtssw7Npv88neMg&s=hegcQWNPaqtF0hk20AW8DD2_Qz3-O5A2Yx3FwV1IBEA&e=" target="_blank">
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014R0511&from=EN</a><br>
<br>
Ellen<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">-- <o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Ellen Paul<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Executive Director<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.nmnh.si.edu_BIRDNET&d=AwMDaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=3oM8knvzjelrZwQJfOG0G0ggb15GLtssw7Npv88neMg&s=eUQMyB3ky8FmOQ5MOp3HSBdsmg3mKC1ATTpFj5JsNJ0&e=" target="_blank">Ornithological
Council</a> <br>
Providing Scientific Information about Birds<o:p></o:p></p>
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<o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre>
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<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
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<pre>Münchhausenstr. 21<o:p></o:p></pre>
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<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
<pre>---------<o:p></o:p></pre>
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<pre>Dirk Neumann<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
<pre>Tel: <a href="tel:%2B49-89-8107-111" target="_blank">+49-89-8107-111</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
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<pre>postal address:<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
<pre>Bavarian Natural History Collections<o:p></o:p></pre>
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