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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#44546A">Dear NHColl members,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#44546A"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#44546A">SPNHC was one of the interdisciplinary groups of scientific organizations that was a signatory on the presidential science questions posed to the four presidential candidates.
Answers have been received from Gary Johnson, which means that all invited presidential candidates have now responded (please follow links below).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Shawn Otto - ScienceDebate.Org [mailto:shawn@sciencedebate.org]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, September 20, 2016 6:31 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Ford, Linda S. <lford@oeb.harvard.edu><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Gary Johnson Presidential Science Answers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center"><strong><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.thedatabank.com_dpg_335_donate.asp-3Fformid-3Ddonate-26aacwc-3D3725633549302361355573185877126&d=CwMFAw&c=WO-RGvefibhHBZq3fL85hQ&r=_EekXyDnqyDJbjUVvAb_UJolU-631fxKk78iqckD60k&m=NXGaPnBvhIoW51FJqPg-ZiJAfbIVms7QECh7dUtUdGU&s=YEMwNGAktHXl91659Dhis7r9RhJQ0MWa-ecWvEsvmaY&e=" target="_blank">Donate
or become a member to support the continued push for a presidential science debate</a></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
<p>FOR RELEASE AT 6:30 am EDT, Tuesday, September 20, 2016<o:p></o:p></p>
<h2 align="center" style="text-align:center">U.S. Presidential Candidates Answer ScienceDebate 2016 Questions<o:p></o:p></h2>
<h2 align="center" style="text-align:center"><em>Responses from Gary Johnson complete perspective on all four candidates' views</em><o:p></o:p></h2>
<p>WASHINGTON, D.C., September 20, 2016 —All four major candidates for United States president have now responded to ScienceDebate.org's Top 20 Presidential Science, Engineering, Technology, Health and Environmental Questions. Governor Gary Johnson provided
late responses which the group has posted with those of Clinton, Trump, and Stein at <strong><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__sciencedebate.org_20answers&d=CwMFAw&c=WO-RGvefibhHBZq3fL85hQ&r=_EekXyDnqyDJbjUVvAb_UJolU-631fxKk78iqckD60k&m=NXGaPnBvhIoW51FJqPg-ZiJAfbIVms7QECh7dUtUdGU&s=C8e6qRZyq3jdPcqLsW7Bg3Wr8MFgv0ACSI0HyHweo08&e=" target="_blank">http://sciencedebate.org/20answers</a></strong>.
(Individual answers can be jumped to by appending "#1" through "#20" to the link.) <o:p></o:p></p>
<p>"It is a truism that to be fair and just, policy decisions should be based on evidence," said Shawn Otto, chair of the grassroots initiative and author of <em><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.amazon.com_War-2DScience-2DWaging-2DMatters-2DAbout_dp_1571313532&d=CwMFAw&c=WO-RGvefibhHBZq3fL85hQ&r=_EekXyDnqyDJbjUVvAb_UJolU-631fxKk78iqckD60k&m=NXGaPnBvhIoW51FJqPg-ZiJAfbIVms7QECh7dUtUdGU&s=SLwL9tbyqA6_zBPG_L2a4YJl-y8rtdvEHvV_-Uo7dEw&e=" target="_blank">The
War on Science</a></em>. "This is a notion that America's founders held dear. The candidates' responses provide a window into the role evidence from science plays in their decision making."<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>But, Otto said, the responses also beg further questions. "Now we need journalists and the public to press these candidates for more specifics. How reasonable are their proposals, given the known evidence? What relative roles do ideology and evidence seem
to play in their thinking? These are important considerations in electing an executive who will have the power to set policy, guide and enforce regulations, influence research investments, sign treaties, inspire students, encourage innovation, approve laws,
manage immigration, and commit soldiers to battle."<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>A 2015 <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__sciencedebate.org_Poll2015&d=CwMFAw&c=WO-RGvefibhHBZq3fL85hQ&r=_EekXyDnqyDJbjUVvAb_UJolU-631fxKk78iqckD60k&m=NXGaPnBvhIoW51FJqPg-ZiJAfbIVms7QECh7dUtUdGU&s=bZ9uyzQzgNyGuhGoxlTh8Tz4xY9Zk33GWR4t9JEqlfQ&e=">national
poll</a> commissioned by ScienceDebate.org and Research!America revealed that a large majority of Americans (87%) agree, saying that it is important that candidates for President and Congress have a basic understanding of the science informing public policy
issues. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p>On August 10, a blue-ribbon coalition of fifty-six leading U.S. nonpartisan organizations, representing more than 10 million scientists and engineers, in called on U.S. Presidential candidates to address the questions, and encouraged journalists and voters
to press the candidates on them during the 2016 U.S. Presidential election season. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p>The consortium crowd-sourced and refined hundreds of suggestions, then submitted “the 20 most important, most immediate questions” to the Presidential campaigns of Hillary Clinton, Donald Trump, Gary Johnson, and Jill Stein, "along with an invitation to
the candidates to answer them in writing and to discuss them on television," said Otto. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p>In both 2008 and 2012, Democratic candidate Barack Obama and Republican candidates John McCain and Mitt Romney participated. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p>The list of organizations supporting the issue discussion is a who’s who of the American science enterprise.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>But at its core, ScienceDebate is an <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__sciencedebate.org_backers&d=CwMFAw&c=WO-RGvefibhHBZq3fL85hQ&r=_EekXyDnqyDJbjUVvAb_UJolU-631fxKk78iqckD60k&m=NXGaPnBvhIoW51FJqPg-ZiJAfbIVms7QECh7dUtUdGU&s=IzYM7MycOLx9M6dCJgYDrCqJFgbUWolkwyVzzqhs0f4&e=" target="_blank">
individual grassroots initiative</a>.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><em><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__sciencedebate.org_organizations&d=CwMFAw&c=WO-RGvefibhHBZq3fL85hQ&r=_EekXyDnqyDJbjUVvAb_UJolU-631fxKk78iqckD60k&m=NXGaPnBvhIoW51FJqPg-ZiJAfbIVms7QECh7dUtUdGU&s=_7cG9Pr_U9Pizl2kayLeBLNXg0IOPyyN3F6y3ICdS9A&e=">Full
list of organizational supporters of the ScienceDebate initiative</a></em><o:p></o:p></p>
<p>**ScienceDebate.org<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>*American Association for the Advancement of Science<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>American Association of Geographers<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>*American Chemical Society<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>American Fisheries Society<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>American Geophysical Union<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>*American Geosciences Institute<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>*American Institute of Biological Sciences<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>American Institute of Professional Geologists <o:p></o:p></p>
<p>American Rock Mechanics Association<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>American Society for Engineering Education<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>American Society of Agronomy<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>American Society of Mammalogists<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Association for Women Geoscientists<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Association of Ecosystem Research Centers<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Automation Federation<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>*Biophysical Society<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Botanical Society of America<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Carnegie Institution for Science<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Conservation Lands Foundation<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Crop Science Society of America<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Duke University<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Ecological Society of America<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Geological Society of America<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>*IEEE-USA<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>International Committee Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Materials Research Society<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>NACE International, The Worldwide Corrosion Authority<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>*National Academy of Engineering<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>*National Academy of Medicine<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>*National Academy of Sciences<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>National Cave and Karst Research Institute<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>*National Center for Science Education<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>National Ground Water Association<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Natural Science Collections Alliance<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Northeastern University<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Organization of Biological Field Stations<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Paleontological Society<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>*Research!America<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Scientific American magazine<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Seismological Society of America<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>*Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Society for Science & the Public<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Society of Fire Protection Engineers<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Society of Wetland Scientists<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Society of Women Engineers<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Soil Science Society of America<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Tufts University<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>*Union of Concerned Scientists<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>University City Science Center<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>*U.S. Council on Competitiveness<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>The Wildlife Society<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>World Endometriosis Research Foundation America<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>*Supplied experts to the questions development process<br>
**Lead organizer<o:p></o:p></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center"># # #<o:p></o:p></p>
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