<div dir="ltr">Alternatively you could keep a sample of the oil with the specimens so that anyone taking samples for chemical analysis can also sample the oil and look for the chemical signature of the oil in their samples from the specimens and have a method of gauging and discounting the influence of the contaminant.<div><br></div><div>Paolo</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On 19 May 2017 at 10:47, Simon Moore <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:couteaufin@btinternet.com" target="_blank">couteaufin@btinternet.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word">This is somewhat dependent on whether the shells are to be displayed or not. As Christian says, if you treat them, then molecular biologists may find them contaminated with chemicals.<div><br></div><div>However, I would urge that a few (the worst maybe?) could be treated to see how the periostracum responds and I would use Bollmann Ultra-Soft, normally used for mammal skins - but it has a host of other effective applications, and is available from WASCO. Just brush a little on (shake the bottle first!) and see whether you get an overall improvement - the effect takes a few hours or overnight to take effect.</div><div><br><div>
<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;word-wrap:break-word"><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;word-wrap:break-word"><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;word-wrap:break-word">With all good wishes, Simon.</div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;word-wrap:break-word"><br></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;word-wrap:break-word">Simon Moore MIScT, RSci, FLS, ACR<br>Conservator of Natural Sciences and Cutlery Historian,<br><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.natural-2Dhistory-2Dconservation.com&d=DwMF-g&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=dvKV-_JbQhLXKNkY4nR7Qr_U61VQE6FMy1P4RUavXdg&s=sjT2M5Q2AlhJIBkpc1uLF_kNKLuXpbsHjfAhhEbndAU&e=" target="_blank">www.natural-history-<wbr>conservation.com</a> </div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;word-wrap:break-word"><br><br><br></div></div></div>
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<br><div><div><div class="h5"><div>On 19 May 2017, at 10:27, Christian Baars <<a href="mailto:Christian.Baars@museumwales.ac.uk" target="_blank">Christian.Baars@museumwales.<wbr>ac.uk</a>> wrote:</div><br class="m_7401518367160758745Apple-interchange-newline"></div></div><blockquote type="cite"><div lang="EN-GB" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px"><div><div class="h5"><div class="m_7401518367160758745WordSection1"><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)">Paul,<u></u><u></u></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)">What you describe almost appears to be a loss-loss situation: treat the shells and lose the potential for chemical analysis, don’t treat and lose the potential for morphological description.<u></u><u></u></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)">I am no malacologist, but the beauty of this forum is that it brings together so many disciplines and perhaps I may be able to contribute from an ‘outsider’s’ point of view.<u></u><u></u></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)">Various materials require different storage environments. For some collections it has been accepted for decades that it is impossible to keep all materials making up a complete collection in the same room under the same conditions. Think archaeology, excavated iron objects are so sensitive to corrosion under ‘normal’ museum store conditions that they are usually packaged in microenvironments at, ideally, <10% RH. We treat geological specimens containing ferrous sulphides in a similar way.<u></u><u></u></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)">If your mollusc shells would benefit, i.e. suffer less damage, from being stored at higher RH, have you considered storing them in a microenvironment at high RH? We are in the fortunate position to have a naturally cool and damp room in the sub-basement of the museum building, where we have been storing a number of minerals (for example, polyhydrated sulphates) successfully (i.e. without any damage through dehydration) for several years. But you can also create microenvironments using saturated salt solutions (see, e.g., Greenspan 1977<span class="m_7401518367160758745Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__nvlpubs.nist.gov_nistpubs_jres_81A_jresv81An1p89-5FA1b.pdf&d=DwMFAg&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=VKQZS6rxG5AJQtsXndEVaqcOUPV6kSpvLi_1WDMi92I&s=r2Se_10ri0OGGh5AMJyd6j525aZxVXTjb91VjhmJEbE&e=" style="color:purple;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/<wbr>nistpubs/jres/81A/<wbr>jresv81An1p89_A1b.pdf</a>). There is a question of long-term maintenance, of course, as with any micro environmental storage. Another concern may be the potential for mould growth, and perhaps the potential for small salt deposits being precipitated on specimens. I have not tried it but it is on my to-do list to find some answers to these questions. If it worked for your shells you may have a way of preserving both morphological and chemical integrity of your specimens.<u></u><u></u></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)">Kind regards<u></u><u></u></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)">Christian<u></u><u></u></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span 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0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 4NP, UK<u></u><u></u></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Telephone: <a href="tel:+44%2029%202057%203302" value="+442920573302" target="_blank">+44 (0)29 2057 3302</a><u></u><u></u></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:7pt;font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">E-mail:<span class="m_7401518367160758745Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:christian.baars@museumwales.ac.uk" style="color:purple;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span style="color:rgb(5,99,193)">christian.baars@<wbr>museumwales.ac.uk</span></a><u></u><u></u></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 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style="font-size:7pt;font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__museum.wales_staff_643_Christian-2DBaars_&d=DwMFAg&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=VKQZS6rxG5AJQtsXndEVaqcOUPV6kSpvLi_1WDMi92I&s=ZLCZJZZSEjP3XfhWT-9TjH2LFCkgZeeU_fHg6C3zO3g&e=" style="color:purple;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span style="color:rgb(5,99,193)">https://museum.wales/staff/<wbr>643/Christian-Baars/</span></a><u></u><u></u></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></div><div><div style="border-style:solid none none;border-top-color:rgb(225,225,225);border-top-width:1pt;padding:3pt 0cm 0cm"><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span class="m_7401518367160758745Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu" style="color:purple;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">nhcoll-l-bounces@<wbr>mailman.yale.edu</a><span class="m_7401518367160758745Apple-converted-space"> </span>[<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu" style="color:purple;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">mailto:<wbr>nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.<wbr>edu</a>]<span class="m_7401518367160758745Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>On Behalf Of<span class="m_7401518367160758745Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Callomon,Paul<br><b>Sent:</b><span class="m_7401518367160758745Apple-converted-space"> </span>18 May 2017 19:49<br><b>To:</b><span class="m_7401518367160758745Apple-converted-space"> </span>NH-COLL listserv (<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu" style="color:purple;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a>) <<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu" style="color:purple;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a>><br><b>Subject:</b><span class="m_7401518367160758745Apple-converted-space"> </span>[Nhcoll-l] To oil or not to oil?<u></u><u></u></span></div></div></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US">(This question is mainly for the managers of mollusk collections, but I’d like to hear from others who might encounter a similar quandary)<u></u><u></u></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US">The shells of certain mollusks (almost all true mussels [Mytilidae]; pearl oysters [Pterioidea]; pen shells [Pinnidae] and many freshwater mussels) are composed mostly of nacre and have a thick, bonded periostracum. Removed from the water and placed in a dry environment, they begin to crack and split in a fairly short time. Their nacre can also decay, becoming powdery and weakening with time. The periostracum dries and hardens, and as its modulus of expansion differs from that of the shell, it begins to flake off or – in the case of thinner shells – to crack the shell. Maintaining humidity at 45-60% year-round should slow this essentially evaporative process, but is unlikely to stop it.<u></u><u></u></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US">A traditional technique to guard against all this is to coat the shells inside and out with a film of mineral oil (Petrolatum). This slows the escape of moisture from the shell matrix and keeps the periostracum somewhat flexible, and it certainly works; here at the Academy we have oiled freshwater mussel specimens dating back to the 1850s that remain entire. However, oiling is an additive technique and not fully reversible; detergents can remove the surface film but not purge the shell of oil entirely.<u></u><u></u></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US">The debate, then, is as follows: On the one hand, adding a hydrocarbon to the shell might inhibit or preclude future chemical analysis techniques that we have not yet developed. On the other, a great deal of work in the mollusca (and many other groups) is based on morphology, and a tray of dust and fragments is of little use in that regard.<u></u><u></u></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US">So: in your collection – to oil or not to oil?<u></u><u></u></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;background-color:white"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">Paul Callomon</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><br><i>Collection Manager, Malacology, Invertebrate Paleontology and General Invertebrates</i></span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;text-align:center;background-color:white;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt"><hr size="2" width="100%" align="center"></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;background-color:white"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia<u></u><u></u></span></b></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;background-color:white"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt">1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia PA 19103-1195, USA<br><i><a href="mailto:callomon@ansp.org" style="color:purple;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">callomon@ansp.org</a><span class="m_7401518367160758745Apple-converted-space"> </span>Tel <a href="tel:(215)%20405-5096" value="+12154055096" target="_blank">215-405-5096</a> - Fax <a href="tel:(215)%20299-1170" value="+12152991170" target="_blank">215-299-1170</a></i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt"><u></u><u></u></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div></div><div> <br class="m_7401518367160758745webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div> <br class="m_7401518367160758745webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p><span lang="CY" style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif">YMWADIAD<br>Rydym yn croesawu gohebiaeth yn Gymraeg a Saesneg, ac yn sicrhau y byddwn yn cyfathrebu â chi yn eich iaith ddewisol, boed yn Gymraeg, Saesneg neu’r ddwy, dim ond i chi ein hysbysu. 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NHCOLL-L is brought to you by the Society for the Preservation of<br>
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mission is to improve the preservation, conservation and management of<br>
natural history collections to ensure their continuing value to<br>
society. See <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.spnhc.org&d=DwMFaQ&c=-dg2m7zWuuDZ0MUcV7Sdqw&r=CLFZJ3fvGSmDp7xK1dNZfh6uGV_h-8NVlo3fXNoRNzI&m=5g3iYypI9Nm0VQwoPqISwqabh4ig23JEVMRgwtZpyTo&s=V56vfuCdMDsaodgHzrTwKxRJh2hFaM6FRc7ULo4laHw&e=" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.spnhc.org</a> for membership information.<br>
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