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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">More evidence to my theory presented in attached.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Andy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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}<(((_°>.,.,.,.}<(((_°>.,.,.,.}<)))_°><br>
V V V<br>
Andy Bentley<br>
Ichthyology Collection Manager<br>
University of Kansas<br>
Biodiversity Institute<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<a href="x-apple-data-detectors://9"><span style="color:#0563C1">USA</span></a><br>
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Tel: <a href="tel:%28785%29%20864-3863" target="_blank"><span style="color:#0563C1">(785) 864-3863</span></a><br>
Fax: <a href="tel:%28785%29%20864-5335" target="_blank"><span style="color:#0563C1">(785) 864-5335</span></a> <br>
Email: <a href="mailto:abentley@ku.edu" target="_blank"><span style="color:#0563C1">abentley@ku.edu</span></a> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu [mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Bentley, Andrew Charles<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 25, 2017 10:57 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Alexandra Snyder <amsnyder@unm.edu>; nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu<br>
<b>Cc:</b> projects@sharklife.co.za<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Nhcoll-l] Fw: Information request: problems with preserving specimens (formalin)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Alina, Lex</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">I am hoping John Simmons will chime in here but I suspect that the formaldehyde is reacting to the welding joints on the aluminum frame. What you are seeing
is paraformaldehyde coming out of solution. I do not know much about aluminium welding but in a brief Google search they mention oxidization products created during the process that need to be brushed off to prevent “contamination” of the weld joint. I suspect
that it is the reaction of these weld joints that is causing precipitation of paraformaldehyde out of solution however I do not know what can be done about it in the long term short of somehow coating the weld joints with something that will prevent this reaction
or using a different solution. Most countries would never allow formaldehyde to be placed on display for the public in such large quantities due to the toxic hazards of this substance but alternatives are few and untested.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">It would be important to know what concentration of formalin is being used, whether the base solution contained any methanol which is used to prevent polymerization
and, most importantly, whether the formalin solution was effectively buffered. Temperature also seems to be an important factor as the colder the formalin solution gets the more paraformaldehyde will precipitate out of solution. John discusses these effects
in his Fluid Preservation book on pages 43 and 44 in great detail.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Andy</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> A : A : A :<br>
}<(((_°>.,.,.,.}<(((_°>.,.,.,.}<)))_°><br>
V V V<br>
Andy Bentley<br>
Ichthyology Collection Manager<br>
University of Kansas<br>
Biodiversity Institute</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Dyche Hall<br>
<a href="x-apple-data-detectors://9"><span style="color:#0563C1">1345 Jayhawk Boulevard</span></a><br>
<a href="x-apple-data-detectors://9"><span style="color:#0563C1">Lawrence, KS, 66045-7561</span></a><br>
<a href="x-apple-data-detectors://9"><span style="color:#0563C1">USA</span></a><br>
<br>
Tel: <a href="tel:%28785%29%20864-3863" target="_blank"><span style="color:#0563C1">(785) 864-3863</span></a><br>
Fax: <a href="tel:%28785%29%20864-5335" target="_blank"><span style="color:#0563C1">(785) 864-5335</span></a> <br>
Email: <a href="mailto:abentley@ku.edu" target="_blank"><span style="color:#0563C1">abentley@ku.edu</span></a> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__ichthyology.biodiversity.ku.edu_&d=DwMFAw&c=cjytLXgP8ixuoHflwc-poQ&r=LpYc_Z_iN1KRw0hheb3x6-8MJUMu482qfHowpGYJqwc&m=Wf559H-s6m9YqHjJSFM0mnEz1u8JZ1dZ6MIQ3wioSFw&s=gMDMF5uTxzDyt35_o6NAWiecaHkCN4XTVOVdyN7zGxQ&e=" target="_blank"><span style="color:#0563C1">http://ichthyology.biodiversity.ku.edu</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> A : A : A :<br>
}<(((_°>.,.,.,.}<(((_°>.,.,.,.}<)))_°><br>
V V V</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">
<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a> [<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Alexandra Snyder<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 25, 2017 10:13 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Nhcoll-l] Fw: Information request: problems with preserving specimens (formalin)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Dear Alina, I am forwarding your request for information to the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections, a group that can advise on the source of the problem in your preservation
tanks. There may be a reaction between the acidic formalin and aluminum supports. You did not mention the concentration of formalin used for shark specimens. The build up/residue looks like the "stuff" or sludge found in carboys of old formaldehyde that
has been through temperature changes and exposure to air. Is the build up crusty, solid, or soft and easily removed? </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Hopefully, the group can weigh in on this and make recommendations for storage/display. My own experience has only been with fixing and preserving a shark contained (whole) in a very large stainless
steel tank-i.e., no exposure to light or fluctuation in temperatures. I imagine open displays present a whole suite of issues to consider in preservation. The only long term "shark tank"
<u>display</u> that I am familiar with (via online) is that of Damien Hirst and I have often wondered what is done to maintain the shark in formalin, long-term, i.e., buffers, remixing, tank construction, lighting, etc. You may be familiar with his work but
if not, see attached. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Best wishes, Lex</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="color:black">*************************************</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:gray">Alexandra M Snyder, Collections Manager-Fishes</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="color:gray">Museum of Southwestern Biology MSC03-2020</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="color:gray">University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="color:gray">PH./FAX 505.277.6005
<a href="mailto:amsnyder@unm.edu">amsnyder@unm.edu</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="color:gray">PHYSICAL ADDRESS FOR FEDEX/UPS</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="color:gray">Bldg.83 Room 204</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:gray">302 Yale Blvd NE</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> Sharklife Projects <<a href="mailto:projects@sharklife.co.za">projects@sharklife.co.za</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 25, 2017 3:41 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Alexandra Snyder; Monica Solis<br>
<b>Cc:</b> 'Grant Smith'<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Information request: problems with preserving specimens (formalin)</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Dear Sir/ Madam,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">We are a Shark Conservation Group situated in South Africa, and currently encounter some problems with the preserved shark specimens in our shark center/museum.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">All of the specimens are contained in a glass box/aquarium which is filled with a formaldehyde-water solution (formalin), and held in place with the help of aluminum contractions
and rods. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">At any place that the aluminum was cut or drilled a white, snow/dust/fungus like substances is growing (photos are attached). We were thinking that maybe at the cuts something is
released or accessible for any reactions, or that while cutting the aluminum some particles of the cutting device got stuck.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">The animals have been in the tanks since about one year, and the growth continues.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">We wanted to ask whether anyone in the museum has any knowledge regarded to the preservation of animals in formalin and especially the growth of that substance, or you know somebody
who can help us. Any information or contact would be a great help. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">We are hoping to hear from you soon.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Thank you for the help and time,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="text-indent:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">With kind regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Alina Hillinger</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Sharklife Project Co-ordinator</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Sharklife Ocean Center</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">No.7 Main Road</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Sodwana Bay</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">3794</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">+27 35 571 0417</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.sharklife.co.za&d=DwMFAw&c=cjytLXgP8ixuoHflwc-poQ&r=LpYc_Z_iN1KRw0hheb3x6-8MJUMu482qfHowpGYJqwc&m=Wf559H-s6m9YqHjJSFM0mnEz1u8JZ1dZ6MIQ3wioSFw&s=8dGdMv08pVspJqz_xUGvdB2j9V7oAjnJkRrOwazv71M&e=">www.sharklife.co.za</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.avg.com_email-2Dsignature-3Futm-5Fmedium-3Demail-26utm-5Fsource-3Dlink-26utm-5Fcampaign-3Dsig-2Demail-26utm-5Fcontent-3Demailclient&d=DwMFAw&c=cjytLXgP8ixuoHflwc-poQ&r=LpYc_Z_iN1KRw0hheb3x6-8MJUMu482qfHowpGYJqwc&m=EIeg-IeC497G4NYcGGn7JH70rZP6Zmuk1870rUQao60&s=PIWgXEcS8RDtRjjWeZwK8NUtESoQNB7o-54TQDVO1tU&e=" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="46" height="29" style="width:.4791in;height:.302in" id="_x0000_i1026" src="https://ipmcdn.avast.com/images/icons/icon-envelope-tick-green-avg-v1.png"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.avg.com_email-2Dsignature-3Futm-5Fmedium-3Demail-26utm-5Fsource-3Dlink-26utm-5Fcampaign-3Dsig-2Demail-26utm-5Fcontent-3Demailclient&d=DwMFAw&c=cjytLXgP8ixuoHflwc-poQ&r=LpYc_Z_iN1KRw0hheb3x6-8MJUMu482qfHowpGYJqwc&m=EIeg-IeC497G4NYcGGn7JH70rZP6Zmuk1870rUQao60&s=PIWgXEcS8RDtRjjWeZwK8NUtESoQNB7o-54TQDVO1tU&e=" target="_blank">
www.avg.com</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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