<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)">
<!--[if !mso]><style>v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style><![endif]--><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
p
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
p.msonormal0, li.msonormal0, div.msonormal0
{mso-style-name:msonormal;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
span.EmailStyle19
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple">
<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Please see attached. If specimens are properly packaged before freezing, this process will do no harm and will eliminate all life stages of pest insects.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Cathy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">_______________________________<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Catharine Hawks</span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Conservator<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Collections Program<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">MRC 170 Rm M85-J<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">National Museum of Natural History<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">10th Street & Constitution Ave NW<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Washington DC 20560<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">w</span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> 202.633.0835 or 4041
<b>c</b> 703 200 4370<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><a href="mailto:hawksc@si.edu"><span style="color:#0563C1">hawksc@si.edu</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#00C1D5">SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#00778B">NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.facebook.com_nmnh.fanpage_&d=DwMGaQ&c=cjytLXgP8ixuoHflwc-poQ&r=LpYc_Z_iN1KRw0hheb3x6-8MJUMu482qfHowpGYJqwc&m=AYRZ3ZQro-RaxHXU6bUKeYavy5qIUPgdt_pbc72tX-Q&s=w13Hr75cycWxgKWUJFKZF97NYxKEk02YUdqMWRuW5p0&e="><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Facebook</span></a></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">
| </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__twitter.com_NMNH&d=DwMGaQ&c=cjytLXgP8ixuoHflwc-poQ&r=LpYc_Z_iN1KRw0hheb3x6-8MJUMu482qfHowpGYJqwc&m=AYRZ3ZQro-RaxHXU6bUKeYavy5qIUPgdt_pbc72tX-Q&s=ZzghNnZHFUnIylCVzsa07UKmeR5W-mpWcQ_o7UddvK4&e="><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Twitter</span></a></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">
| </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.instagram.com_smithsoniannmnh_&d=DwMGaQ&c=cjytLXgP8ixuoHflwc-poQ&r=LpYc_Z_iN1KRw0hheb3x6-8MJUMu482qfHowpGYJqwc&m=AYRZ3ZQro-RaxHXU6bUKeYavy5qIUPgdt_pbc72tX-Q&s=hh72xj4lB8VSVDh0zDOl2hc87ge3GQ7_x_ZMolMRd2Q&e="><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#0563C1">Instagram</span></a></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><img border="0" width="84" height="87" style="width:.875in;height:.9062in" id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.jpg@01D3E07E.12418020" alt="PRICE logo2 signature (340x353) (2) (002)"></span><i><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Nhcoll-l <nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Roxali Bijmoer<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, April 30, 2018 10:59 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Nhcoll-l] Decontamination of herbarium specimens by freezing<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Dear all,<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">We're working on new collection protocols, trying to write everything down and see if all is up to date. One of the topics is the decontamination by freezing of herbarium specimens.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">We are familiar with the herbarium handbook, but do any of you know about recent research on this matter? We decontaminate our herbarium specimens for 72 hours at -30 Celsius. I'm finding varying policies on decontaminating herbarium specimens.
From at least 48 hours at -18 to 14 days at -40. Is there a bare minimum of hours that specimens need to be frozen and is freezing at colder temperatures more damaging to the specimens?<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks for you help,<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Roxali Bijmoer<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Collections Manager Herbarium<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" id="_x0000_i1025" src="http://logo.naturalis.nl/logo.png"><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt">T 071-7519234 Website:<a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__science.naturalis.nl_en_people_collection-2Dmanagers_roxali-2Dbijmoer_&d=DwMFaQ&c=cjytLXgP8ixuoHflwc-poQ&r=LpYc_Z_iN1KRw0hheb3x6-8MJUMu482qfHowpGYJqwc&m=Pty8C-kkPWR_4Q9AwOkx4aMA5CJTIG-VUT9KPRNQtbs&s=yreMXx0HwV-80cGjAzWdylyIKncgmWlN0OwacSQM6EU&e=" target="_blank">https://science.naturalis.nl/en/people/collection-managers/roxali-bijmoer/</a></span><br>
<span style="font-size:7.5pt">Nieuwenhuizenweg 19, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden<br>
E </span><a href="mailto:roxali.bijmoer@naturalis.nl" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:7.5pt">roxali.bijmoer@naturalis.nl</span></a><span style="font-size:7.5pt">, </span><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.naturalis.nl_&d=DwMFaQ&c=cjytLXgP8ixuoHflwc-poQ&r=LpYc_Z_iN1KRw0hheb3x6-8MJUMu482qfHowpGYJqwc&m=Pty8C-kkPWR_4Q9AwOkx4aMA5CJTIG-VUT9KPRNQtbs&s=VjJ88Ke8_zGpvxZE54cpdFXgO8UMDpAG_qWG2bRSDl4&e=" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:7.5pt">I
www.naturalis.nl</span></a> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt">Website:<a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__science.naturalis.nl_en_people_collection-2Dmanagers_roxali-2Dbijmoer_&d=DwMFaQ&c=cjytLXgP8ixuoHflwc-poQ&r=LpYc_Z_iN1KRw0hheb3x6-8MJUMu482qfHowpGYJqwc&m=Pty8C-kkPWR_4Q9AwOkx4aMA5CJTIG-VUT9KPRNQtbs&s=yreMXx0HwV-80cGjAzWdylyIKncgmWlN0OwacSQM6EU&e=" target="_blank">https://science.naturalis.nl/en/people/collection-managers/roxali-bijmoer/</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Courier New""> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>