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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed">Dear Roxali,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed">Regarding your question about freezing herbarium specimens as means of pest control, here's the protocol of the national herbarium of the Hebrew University:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed">1. <b>
Specimens within the collection:</b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"> Routine freezing in -30<sup>0</sup>C for min 48h.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"> Each cabinet goes under this once every 18-24 months.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"> In our climate - warm and dry, this is good enough. We never found insect contamination in 15 years of my work at the herbarium.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed">2. <b>
Imported specimens</b>:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"> All new material, regardless source, and returned material, goes under freezing in -80<sup>0</sup>C for at least 2 weeks (340h).<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"> This also had proved sufficient.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed">3. <b>
Exported specimens</b>:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"> All exported material goes under freezing in -80<sup>0</sup>C for at least 2 weeks (340h).<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed">The protocol is our local adaptation, a matter of "trial and error".<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed">15 years of monitoring this protocol proved it is good even in poor conditions - until two years ago the collection was not fully insect safe, and temperatures were occasionally too
high. Moreover, there is no humidity control in the herbarium hall.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed">With best regards,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL"><span dir="LTR"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"AR BLANCA"">Hagar Leschner<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Collection Manager<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">The Herbarium of The Hebrew University (HUJ)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">The National Natural History Collections at the Hebrew University<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Berman bldg.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Edmond J. Safra Campus, Giv'at Ram<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"><u><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Jerusalem</span></u><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> 91904<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Israel</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">972-2-6584456<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL"><span dir="LTR"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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