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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">And here’s to you, John, with gratitude for all the conservation- and history-related knowledge we’ve gained from you! And to the many others of you who’ve shared
your expertise!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Deb Lewis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#2F5496">Deborah Q. Lewis, Curator<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#2F5496">Ada Hayden Herbarium (ISC/IA)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#2F5496">EEOB Department Phone: (1) 515-294-9499<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#2F5496">Iowa State University FAX: (1) 515-294-1337<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#2F5496">342 Bessey Email:
<a href="mailto:dlewis@iastate.edu"><span style="color:#0563C1">dlewis@iastate.edu</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#2F5496">2200 Osborn Drive<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#2F5496">Ames, IA 50011-4009 (USA)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#2F5496"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Nhcoll-l [mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>John E Simmons<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, June 4, 2018 9:44 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Nhcoll-l] Time Once Again to Celebrate Old Croone Day<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:115%"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;color:black">Old Croone Day, 04 June
</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">Today is Old Croone Day, an international holiday that marks the anniversary of a significant event in the history of natural history collections.
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">It was on this day, 04 June, in 1662 that a physician named Dr. William Croone showed “two embryos of puppy-dogs, which he had kept eight days, and were put in spirit in a glass-vial sealed
hermetically” to the Royal Society of London. This is the first recorded mention of the long-term preservation of a scientific specimen in alcohol.
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">Although the production of beverage alcohol goes well back into the mists of prehistory, specimen preservation requires alcohol that is at least 100 proof (50%), which can only be achieved
by distillation. Knowledge of distillation began to spread throughout Europe after the publication of
<i>The Little Book of Distillation</i> by Hieronymus Brunschwygk in 1500. By the time Croone conducted his experiments, many London cellars and backrooms housed illicit stills that made strong alcohol from barley mash.
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">Croone (sometimes spelled Croune) was born in London on 15 September 1633. He was awarded a degree from Emmanuel College (Cambridge) in 1650, and in 1659 was appointed Professor of Rhetoric
at Gresham College in London. At Gresham College, Croone fell in with a small group of men who were interested in science experiments and founded the Royal Society of London in 1662. That same year, Croone was named “Doctor of Physic” by royal mandate at Cambridge,
then elected a Fellow in the College of Physicians (in 1675) and appointed by the Barber-Surgeons' Company as an anatomy lecturer in 1670.
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">Croone developed a private medical practice but in his spare time he conducted research on physiology, embryology, the circulation of blood, respiration, the density of air, and the freezing
of water. In 1664, he famously choked a chicken until it appeared dead, then revived the bird by inflating its lungs with fresh air through a glass pipe inserted down its throat. Croone died in London on 12 October 1684, and (ironically) was buried in the
church of St Mildred, Poultry. </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">It was Croone’s interest in embryology that led him to accidentally discover fluid preservation. In this same spirit of scientific curiosity and inquiry, I invite you join me in celebrating
04 June this year with a fine single malt whiskey (or whatever is your beverage of choice) to preserve good friendships and reflect on how often important developments in science have so often come about when someone was trying to solve some other problem.
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">Here’s to you, Dr. William Croone!</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">John E. Simmons<br>
Museologica<br>
128 E. Burnside Street<br>
Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 16823-2010<br>
<a href="mailto:simmons.johne@gmail.com" target="_blank">simmons.johne@gmail.com</a><br>
303-681-5708</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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