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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">To follow up on this, do any of you have thoughts on fluoride? Our local water supply is quite clean, and is treated primarily with UV, but chlorine is also used and is distributed
throughout the pipes. I assume that’s pretty normal and allowing the water to sit for a day should allow most of the chlorine to evaporate. However, fluoride is also added to the water (at a level of 0.7mg/L). Other contaminates are very low. Any thoughts
on whether or not I should worry about the fluoride? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Tonya<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:windowtext">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:windowtext"> Nhcoll-l [mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Tom Schiøtte<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, 1 October 2018 7:51 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Nhcoll-l] What water to use with spirit specimens<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">In support of Dirk (below): For small and thin-shelled mollusks destilled water is horrible. After a few years you have no shell left. Here in Denmark our tap-water is
deep ground water, and Denmark is built on cretaceous chalk. Under those conditions I use tap water and with good results.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Tom<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D">Tom Schiøtte</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D">Collection manager, Echinodermata & Mollusca</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D">Natural History Museum of Denmark (Zoology)</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D">Universitetsparken 15</span></b><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D">DK 2100 Copenhagen OE</span></b><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D"> </span></b><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D">+45 35 32 10 48</span></b><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D"><a href="mailto:TSchioette@snm.ku.dk">TSchioette@snm.ku.dk</a></span></b><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:windowtext">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:windowtext"> Nhcoll-l <<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Dirk Neumann<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 28. september 2018 11:21<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Nhcoll-l] What water to use with spirit specimens<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA">Hi Tonya,<br>
<br>
this depends on the quality of your tap water; if your tap water uses chemicals such as Cl2 or others for purification, or such chemicals are used occasionally in the pipe system to prevent microbial growth, you should test your water first or request this
data from your local water supplier. Also, if your tap water is known to have low ion-loads (e.g. because of respective filters or other mechanical purification by your water supplier), the desired effect might be marginal.<br>
<br>
What Simon describes is sedimentation (mainly) of carbonates; if you use tap water, the mixture needs to rest for one day until the alcohol can be used, because the shifts in the solubility equilibrium will cause precipitation of ions.<br>
<br>
If these are mainly carbonates (cf. data of your local water supplier), that the minerals can be suited to stabilise the specimens inside jars or to buffer against pH-shift. However, we know little about the ion activity of hydrogen-ions in alcohol mixtures
and their effect on pH-shifts and measuring of the pH in alcohol mixtures is a tricky task (the only reliable way would be titration).<br>
<br>
On the other hand, distilled or bi-distilled water attracts CO2 from the surrounding air and leads to pH values of 5 or lower in freshly distilled water.<br>
<br>
So there are pros and cons. We have very good and pure tap water here in our museum, and I have been using tap water for nearly 20 years without any negative results.
<br>
<br>
Hope this helps<br>
Dirk<br>
<br>
<br>
Am 27.09.2018 um 18:43 schrieb Simon Moore:</span><span lang="DA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA">Hi Tonya, I have found it okay to use tap for diluting formalin whereas alcohol produces a precipitate with tap so I use deionised or RO for diluting alcohol.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA">Best, Simon <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA">Sent from my Windows 10 device<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="DA">From: </span></b><span lang="DA"><a href="mailto:Tonya.Haff@csiro.au">Tonya.Haff@csiro.au</a><br>
<b>Sent: </b>27 September 2018 03:31<br>
<b>To: </b><a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject: </b>[Nhcoll-l] What water to use with spirit specimens<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Hello all,</span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"> </span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">I’ve been thinking about the best water to use for diluting ETOH down to 70% for storing formalin-preserved vertebrates. Early on I was taught to only every use deionised water, to avoid the introduction
of other chemicals, impurities, etc. However, I have recently heard that using good quality tap water may be in fact better than deionised/demineralised water, as deionised water is not in a stable state and so can in fact pull minerals out of the specimen.
I would love to hear what other people use and what your thoughts may be on this. Thanks!</span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"> </span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Cheers,</span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"> </span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Tonya</span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"> </span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">---------------------------------------------------------<span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Dr Tonya Haff<span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Collections Manager<span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Australian National Wildlife Collection<span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO<span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Canberra, Australia <span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Phone: (+61) 02 62421566<span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"> </span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"> </span><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="DA" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<pre><span lang="DA">---------<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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<pre><span lang="DA">Dirk Neumann<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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<pre><span lang="DA">Tel: +49-89-8107-111<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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