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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Hi everybody,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">It isn’t at all my field of competences, but I think, as most of us, that it may be formaldehyde.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I just wanted to say that I’ll finally be here for the meeting in Paris next week and I’m very excited about it, and about meeting all of you. As I am French
and know well the place it will take place, don’t hesitate if you need some information or precision about Paris or/and technical questions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">See you soon,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Regards.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Juliette Galpin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext">De :</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext"> Nhcoll-l [mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu]
<b>De la part de</b> Bo Delling<br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> mercredi 28 novembre 2018 17:20<br>
<b>À :</b> neumann@snsb.de; nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu<br>
<b>Objet :</b> Re: [Nhcoll-l] Precipitate or Mold in Ethanol Stored Specimens<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Hi,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">We have similar experience at NRM Stockholm, i.e. most certainly paraformaldehyde resulting from too short period in
water prior to first EtOH step (20%). Our geologists did some analyses on the “white stuff” and found no mineral content such as CaCO3 or similar.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Bo Delling<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Phd, Ichthyology<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Collection Manager, Zoology<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Swedish Museum of Natural History<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Department of Zoology<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Frescativägen 44<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">P.O. Box 50007<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">SE-104 05 Stockholm<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Phone: +46 85195 4240<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:windowtext">Från:</span></b><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:windowtext"> Nhcoll-l <nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu>
<b>För </b>Dirk Neumann<br>
<b>Skickat:</b> den 28 november 2018 11:27<br>
<b>Till:</b> nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu<br>
<b>Ämne:</b> Re: [Nhcoll-l] Precipitate or Mold in Ethanol Stored Specimens<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV">Hi Alex,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV">we (John E. Simmons, Julian Carter and me - in preparation to attend a lecture in Paris next week :-) agree that it would be a good idea to pick one of those nodules and investigate the structure under a binocular; it should
be easy to recognise any crystalline structure if there is any. If you see small white crystals (and your photos look very familiar to us), these would surely be a strong hint for paraformaldehyde, as Simon indicated. Colesterol is a rather a waxy substance,
and you should be able to note the difference immediately.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV">Hope this helps,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV">with best wishes from us<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV">(John, Julian an me, currently sticking or heads together and having much fun during our preparations for the Paris meeting next week)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV">Am 28.11.2018 um 00:20 schrieb Simon Moore:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV">Many thanks for this information - it is just what I am lecturing about in Paris next week to raise awareness of this type of problem!
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV">I have often been asked to ID crystal growths and suspensions in fluid-preserved material and the answers (If there are any) are as varied as are the causes of their appearance. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV">Firstly I often dilute concentrated formalin to the standard 10% fixing strength using local tap water, this offers and usually maintains a neutral pH (7.0 or just a bit below 6.5). If tap water is used to dilute alcohols
of any sort, to preservative strength (70% or 80%) then this produces a precipitate, usually with 24 hours of mixing.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV">Where fluids combine with animal and plant material during the fixation and preservation stages, they often leach solute by-products into the fluids. Over years the fluid and specimen build to an equilibrium and assuming
that no lipid leaching or similar contamination occurs (the cholesterol for example but isn’t this partly soluble in alcohol?), then this can go unnoticed until the jar is topped up with fresh preservative fluid and then a snow-dome effect can occur - looks
terrible but the specimens are undamaged. Once the ’snow’ has settled and the fluid has cleared (or partially) one can see the effect (if any) this change may have brought about on the specimens but usually it’s slight or no change at all.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV">Crystals of calcium stearate have been analysed (by FTIR) adhered to specimens - how does that come about? The causes and results can be quite bewildering but a record of treatment/s to specimens is most useful.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV">Mould (I’m a Brit!) will only start to appear if the concentration of alcohol falls below 30%, similarly it can grow in formalin at c. 2-3% concentration (0.8 - 1% formaldehyde) - these are the critical parameters for mould
growth and (it appears) that only certain species of mould can grow in these conditions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV">If anyone has any further thoughts I would be most interested (I only have a week!) Or examples of weird looking contaminants attaching to fluid-preserved material please post these to me off-list but not too many!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"">With all good wishes, Simon.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"">Simon Moore MIScT, RSci, FLS, ACR<br>
Conservator of Natural Sciences and Cutlery Historian, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif""><br>
<img width="32" height="32" id="_x0030_74726B1-50CE-4121-AD90-C5319498D02F" src="cid:C1E34A64-2782-4C13-9542-0187237C0047@home"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif""><a href="https://url11.mailanyone.net/v1/?m=1gRx4I-000kIi-4H&i=57e1b682&c=Nvh_lW9NuomOiYQ5D0LJE63BeiRIzePpsAn67R5e4U-D_L_VWsvTS-O4pjsroP6yeyWV4FNjzYsJGWk0fH1RwTvjJoRVUiVrtzfsl0RXIBksNvTUIIRS3BwNprXyhY7xlLWkw7Sxm8Qc16VzHv96sMj-mXIs7OBaX6o5n1fpE4Efccu-Hn71YWPNI7DRiUb6rTzjV4VPCrz-FI08CzUihSvOYXAa5Wl3ChU5d3kD3EQuM56RKJ-vYp2Fm9T-7ZCj">www.natural-history-conservation.com</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV">On 27 Nov 2018, at 19:23, Lazo-Wasem, Eric <<a href="mailto:eric.lazo-wasem@yale.edu">eric.lazo-wasem@yale.edu</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Hi Alex,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">This is what happens when a specimen fixed in formalin is not rinsed sufficiently in water before immersion in alcohol. Depending on the size of the fixed specimen,
one needs to wash the specimen for anywhere from a few minutes (small crustacea) to several days (large long fixed sponges, fish, etc.). I’ve never tested like Judith Price mentions, but the person who hired me several decades ago cautioned me to rinse specimens
in water before transferring to alcohol else I can expect precipitate. It happened enough that I believe his cautionary note without understanding the chemistry.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Best, Eric<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Eric A. Lazo-Wasem<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Senior Collections Manager<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Peabody Museum of Natural History<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Yale University<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">170 Whitney Ave.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">New Haven, CT 06520<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><a href="tel:203%20432-3784"><span style="color:purple">203 432-3784</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Nhcoll-l
<<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>On Behalf Of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Alex Krohn<br>
<b>Sent:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Tuesday, November 27, 2018 1:53 PM<br>
<b>To:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>[Nhcoll-l] Precipitate or Mold in Ethanol Stored Specimens<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Hi everyone,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">I recently found some bizzare white granules in some our ethanol preserved specimens. See the attached photos. The white granules tend to stick to the items in
the jar, rather than rest at the bottom of the jar. They do not crush easily (like I imagine precipitates would), but instead squish more like tiny styrofoam bits or pieces (like I imagine mold would).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Has anyone seen this before? I washed the specimens and jars in fresh 70% EtOH, and then replaced the EtOH in the jar. So far no new granules have appeared. If
anyone has any better ideas of what this might be or how to treat it, I'm very interested.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Thank you!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Alex Krohn<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Assistant Director<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Kenneth S. Norris Center for Natural History<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">University of California, Santa Cruz<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><a href="https://url11.mailanyone.net/v1/?m=1gRx4I-000kIi-4H&i=57e1b682&c=Rl46OO6WqCuzxffS8_VsBSY2vb6wv2a1ErPV3xbAGAS3DGZPeOhIbT9AMoblxfuKwUFhN85U5M6WEvDcPCiRfmO81a0a32H3W4uiK02uCX84w0-QfBCTACmldkxhmlI_VqS_b7GHCo5eaE0CT-rj41dEUYRNkCAJB5_-VKadDe8X8AZBdfPsrLu4EyRV7vadOR6ikGMsTTgiAO-KOYdZwpRcALdcrd7vAmom37BCuQAwVAgfsNE7qATUa81i-qmfeUg2jnmt42iq1XH6y8DlXkC8RExa05YxIrBRNrquTMW_uphRtOusSXr3CXDdsPqTuHiG57OiwYFIh7__byxyvQDeO4cuW-su7nIWsc28vB6Hd-dGncHc-clpCsf1c0mpCwrV01pSZ-buz-vCN6ijR8SeOxtZGdl8nmF0wXmS40nsgQyJ-frDfJqc4NiIrZtXRBLNLgS2_Gubk0bh6M-85pro9gXa_TE14XfHdDLtLos0KOdNZtInmKPxm0mO7BYW-Kh89I-4qfH0Hez55bpmtENanURCfKWywATlHf8mF6laE12B_aXOeohuiYuztrSmjmZZlPWYR5lR9c9YY-Jw0A"><span style="color:purple">https://norriscenter.ucsc.edu/</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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