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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Hi Ariel,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Your post is of particular interest to me as my institution had a mold outbreak in one of our buildings containing history objects a few years ago due to an HVAC leak, and it was a nightmare (and $$$) to remediate.
We will soon be constructing a new collections facility, and I’m keen to avoid a similar scenario.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">I agree with Rob and Dirk and suggest you first consider all possible sources of the dampness coming from inside the cabinets and work to eliminate it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Consider how the specimens were handled, wrapped, stored, and transported between the time it was in the old facility and relocated to the new facility (and the conditions they encountered during that time).
Given your description of the mold bloom on the specimens it seems possible that tissues may have rehydrated to some degree, and are themselves the source the moisture. How were the specimens prepared – are they traditional study skins, or freeze dried? Are
they stored individually in plastic sleeves or boxes, or laid out on the drawers?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Some other questions for consideration:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">-Prior to the discovery of the mold outbreak, how much time had passed since those specimens were last viewed or used for research?
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">-Are the specimens stored below ground level? If so, is the surrounding substrate consistently damp?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">-What about the cabinets themselves? Are they made of wood or metal? How were they transported and stored during the collections move? What are the shelf lining materials made of, could they be harboring moisture?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">In addition to cleaning the mold off of the specimens as Ellen suggested with isopropyl and a HEPA vac (if the specimens are not too friable for vacuuming), I recommend placing trays of a granular indicator dessicant
in ALL of your specimen cabinets and changing/recharging it as needed until the source of the moisture is identified and addressed. Prevention is key to keep the mold from gaining a foothold in the rest of the collection while you address the current outbreak.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">If you have access to an industrial freeze drier, you could also cycle the specimens through it to remove any residual moisture; however this is a more energy-intensive option.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Wishing you the best, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Erin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";color:#A64D79">Erin B. Cashion, Curator of Natural History</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";color:#222222"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";color:#A64D79">Ohio History Connection</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";color:#222222"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";color:#A64D79">800 East 17th Ave. Columbus, Ohio 43211 </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";color:#222222"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";color:#A64D79">p. 614-298-2054</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";color:#222222"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Trebuchet MS","sans-serif""><a href="mailto:ecashion@ohiohistory.org" target="_blank">ecashion@ohiohistory.org</a></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";color:#222222"><br>
<br>
</span><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";color:#A64D79">The Ohio History Connection’s
</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Trebuchet MS","sans-serif""><a href="https://www.ohiohistory.org/about-us"><b>mission</b></a></span><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";color:#A64D79"> is to spark discovery
of Ohio’s stories. Embrace the present, share the past and transform the future.</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";color:#222222"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Nhcoll-l [mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Dirk Neumann<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, September 16, 2020 3:42 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Nhcoll-l] Mold in our bird collection<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hi Ariel,<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">concur with Rob; closed metal cabinets (compared to wooden ones - with different pros and cons) are perfect to trap and maintain unsuited microclimates. Damp material definitely is a source, unwanted RH and temperature fluctuations as they
may occur in a new storage building during calibration of the new climate control systems could have been another potential source. Also any form of moisture released from the new building itself (e.g. from the concrete, walls, paint, etc.).<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">With best wishes<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Dirk <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Am 15.09.2020 um 23:16 schrieb Robert Waller:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Hi Ariel,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">It seems extraordinary to have mold growth at the conditions you mention (</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#353C41">40-42%RH and 64-68°F).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#353C41">Can you be certain that wet or damp materials have not been placed within the cabinets? In my experience a small amount of damp material in a metal cabinet can raise the RH
to 100% for days to weeks.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#353C41">Rob</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Nhcoll-l <a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">
<nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu></a> <b>On Behalf Of </b>ELLEN PEARLSTEIN<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, September 15, 2020 4:29 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Gaffney, Ariel M <a href="mailto:ariel_gaffney@fws.gov"><ariel_gaffney@fws.gov></a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Nhcoll-l] Mold in our bird collection<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"">Hello!</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif""> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"">Please do not irradiate these collections with UV, which will destroy the keratin! Also, ammonia or any high pH solution can displace and destroy biopigments. Often for major
outbreaks, a fume cupboard can be created or rented, and collections should be vacuumed with a HEPA vacuum and swabbed with isopropanol. Operators should be using PPE. Collections should be returned to a dry climate (RH at 40% +/- 5) onto shelves that have
been disinfected.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif""> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"">Hope this helps!</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"">Ellen</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif""> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Georgia","serif"">Ellen Pearlstein</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Georgia","serif"">Professor</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Georgia","serif"">UCLA Information Studies</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"">230 GSEIS</span><span style="font-family:"Georgia","serif""> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"">Los Angeles, CA 90095</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Georgia","serif"">UCLA/Getty Program in the Conservation of Archaeological and Ethnographic Materials</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Georgia","serif"">A 410 Fowler</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Georgia","serif"">Los Angeles, CA 90095</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Georgia","serif""><a href="mailto:epearl@ucla.edu" target="_blank">epearl@ucla.edu</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Georgia","serif"">Editor, Conservation of featherwork from Central and South America</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://archetype.co.uk/our-titles/conservation-of-featherwork-from-central-and-south-america/?id=245" target="_blank">https://archetype.co.uk/our-titles/conservation-of-featherwork-from-central-and-south-america/?id=245</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Georgia","serif"">PI, Andrew W. Mellon Opportunity for Diversity in Conservation</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Georgia","serif""><a href="http://conservation.ucla.edu/Mellon_diversity_opportunity" target="_blank">http://conservation.ucla.edu/Mellon_diversity_opportunity</a>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Georgia","serif""><a href="https://www.instagram.com/uclagettydiversityconservation/?hl=en" target="_blank">https://www.instagram.com/uclagettydiversityconservation/?hl=en</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"">As a land grant institution, the faculty and administration at UCLA acknowledges the Gabrielino/Tongva peoples as the traditional land caretakers of Tovaangar (Los Angeles basin,
So. Channel Islands).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Tue, Sep 15, 2020 at 1:10 PM Gaffney, Ariel M <<a href="mailto:ariel_gaffney@fws.gov">ariel_gaffney@fws.gov</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p style="margin-top:0in;background:white;box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#353C41">Our collection here at the National Fish & Wildlife Forensic Laboratory is experiencing an unprecedented mold outbreak in our bird
collection and we could use some advice about mold removal and cleaning while protecting the specimens.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="margin-top:0in;background:white;box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#353C41"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="background:white;box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#353C41">A few weeks ago we found two cabinets with mold growth, some skins were nearly encased in a thin mold film. The specimens with obvious mold growth
were moved to the freezer, then cleaned with a cotton swab dipped in ammonia. All other specimens were placed in a hood with a UV light for 24 hours. The drawers were cleaned with ammonia and then a UV light was placed inside the cabinet for 24 hours. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="background:white;box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#353C41"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="background:white;box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#353C41">We have now discovered more cabinets with mold. Has anyone encountered large-scale mold outbreak in their collection? How did you handle cleaning?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="background:white;box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#353C41">From what I've read, UV light exposure will kill the mold and won't necessarily harm the specimens unless exposed to UV light for an extensive
period of time. <br>
Is ammonia the best way of cleaning specimens? Should we be using Ethanol or another solution for the specimens with visible mold growth? </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="background:white;box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#353C41">How would you wipe down/rid the bird skins of mold growing on them? Damp rag with ethanol? Cotton swabs?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="background:white;box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#353C41"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="background:white;box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#353C41">This is a brand new facility built in the last year. The humidity in the building ranges from 40-42% and the temperature is kept from 64-68 F.
We put in dehumidifiers this week to try and drop the humidity even further and are considering an anti-fungal fogger. If anyone has had experience with any of these foggers, we'd appreciate your insight. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p style="background:white;box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#353C41">Any/all advice would be appreciated.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p style="background:white;box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#353C41">Thank you,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="background:white;box-sizing:border-box"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Roboto;color:#353C41">Ariel Gaffney</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">---</span><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#888888"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Ariel M. Gaffney, M.Sc.</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#888888"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Forensic Scientist / Ornithologist<br>
Office of Law Enforcement</span><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#888888"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">National Fish and Wildlife Forensic Laboratory</span><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#888888"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">1490 E. Main Street</span><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#888888"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Ashland, OR 97520</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white;text-align:start">
<span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">phone: 541-488-6516</span><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#888888"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">fax: 541-482-4989</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
<pre>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>NHCOLL-L is brought to you by the Society for the Preservation of<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Natural History Collections (SPNHC), an international society whose<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>mission is to improve the preservation, conservation and management of<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>natural history collections to ensure their continuing value to<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>society. See <a href="http://www.spnhc.org">http://www.spnhc.org</a> for membership information.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Advertising on NH-COLL-L is inappropriate.<o:p></o:p></pre>
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<p style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><br>
Dirk Neumann<br>
<br>
Tel: 089 / 8107-111<br>
Fax: 089 / 8107-300<br>
neumann(a)snsb.de<br>
<br>
Postanschrift:<br>
<br>
Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns<br>
Zoologische Staatssammlung München<br>
Dirk Neumann, Sektion Ichthyologie / DNA-Storage<br>
Münchhausenstr. 21<br>
81247 München<br>
<br>
Besuchen Sie unsere Sammlung:<br>
<a href="http://www.zsm.mwn.de/sektion/ichthyologie-home/">http://www.zsm.mwn.de/sektion/ichthyologie-home/</a><br>
<br>
---------<br>
<br>
Dirk Neumann<br>
<br>
Tel: +49-89-8107-111<br>
Fax: +49-89-8107-300<br>
neumann(a)snsb.de<br>
<br>
postal address:<br>
<br>
Bavarian Natural History Collections<br>
The Bavarian State Collection of Zoology<br>
Dirk Neumann, Section Ichthyology / DNA-Storage<br>
Muenchhausenstr. 21<br>
81247 Munich (Germany)<br>
<br>
Visit our section at:<br>
<a href="http://www.zsm.mwn.de/sektion/ichthyologie-home/">http://www.zsm.mwn.de/sektion/ichthyologie-home/</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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