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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Dear Mare,</div>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
</div>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">are you sure that this is only ethanol,
and not something like Kew-mix or a similar mixture? I am
wondering because the EtOH concentration is rather low, which
might be an indication that further ingredients might be included
in this preservation fluid.<br>
</div>
<p>Originally, Kew-mixture was 53% EtOH, 37% water, 5% formaldehyde,
and 5% glycerol. As far as I know, the formula was changed to 70%
ETOH, 29% water, and 1% glycerol in the 2nd edition of The
Herbarium Handbook (1989). But I am not a botanists, and others
might be in a better position for giving advice?</p>
<p>Strong dehydration of cells can be an issue, this is why the
glycerol is added.<br>
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
With best wishes</div>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Dirk<br>
</div>
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 07.05.2021 um 14:53 schrieb Mare
Nazaire:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CAGsrPoL_+oYZZae=hL9kp5aNpqxGc=8tfAHgrRw9Pk=iF6qe+g@mail.gmail.com">
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<div dir="ltr">This is a very informative and helpful thread -
thank you for this!
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I presume that 70% concentration would also be suitable for
plant material preserved in spirits? I ask because I've
recently discovered that some of our collection of fluid
preserved plant material is at a concentration of 50% and I
wondered if it is advisable to keep them as is or change their
concentration to 70%. Are there recommendations in John
Simmon's book for preserving plant specimens in alcohol and
could you also provide the citation for this book?</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Thank you,</div>
<div>~Mare</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, May 7, 2021 at 12:48
AM Erik Åhlander <<a href="mailto:Erik.Ahlander@nrm.se"
moz-do-not-send="true">Erik.Ahlander@nrm.se</a>> wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div lang="SV">
<div class="gmail-m_-7675439772973428610WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US">Dear Tonya, John, Simon, Dirk - well all,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US">Also I agree. Since I will soon retire I
want to share some experiences:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US">When we started to take care of the
collection of wet vertebrates in Stockholm in 1975
there was no overlap in time (well 1 week) with the
previous staff (the previous curator was employed
1934-1974). So we had to invent the wheel. The initial
ambition was to keep a concentration between 70 and
80% ethanol. (We also tested the new suggested
conservation fluid Phenoxetol, which after some years
showed to be a disaster). To compensate for
evaporation, we tried to stick to 80%. New material
was fixed in formalin for at least a week, washing in
water, 20% ethanol for two days or more, 50% for two
days or more, and final storage in 80%. Also we
removed all bad jars from the collection – and a bad
jar was a jar that needed topping. Expedition material
was sorted and identified etc after this stage with
the result that many specimens was changed to 80% once
more. It took more than 10 years to realize that 80%
was to strong. But also that every change of alcohol,
or topping, resulted in a higher concentration ethanol
since the lowering effect of the alcohol concentration
through remnants of the previus stage fluid inside the
specimens was removed. Also the small amounts of
formalin in the specimen was reduced for each change
of fluid. Especially for tiny fish we could find
obvious shrinking. Today we are careful
</span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_-7675439772973428610MsoListParagraph"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US"><span>1.<span style="font:7pt "Times
New Roman"">
</span></span></span><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US">To keep the specimens in 70% (not more,
not less)</span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_-7675439772973428610MsoListParagraph"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US"><span>2.<span style="font:7pt "Times
New Roman"">
</span></span></span><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US">Not to rinse to much in water. Rather
remove the formalin from the surface of the specimen
only.</span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_-7675439772973428610MsoListParagraph"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US"><span>3.<span style="font:7pt "Times
New Roman"">
</span></span></span><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US">Don´t change the fluid if it is not
necessary.</span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_-7675439772973428610MsoListParagraph"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US"><span>4.<span style="font:7pt "Times
New Roman"">
</span></span></span><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US">If you have to remove all fluid, add
maybe 80-90% of fresh (70%) ethanol and the rest used
ethanol from another specimen.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US">All formalin fixed specimens has a small
amount of formalin left - that is good.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US">Some substances in the specimen dissolve
in the alcohol (just look at an alcohol preserved
Anguilla…). Every change of alcohol add to the
removing of lipids etc - that is bad.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US">As far as we know, formalin was used for
the first time at the NRM in 1904, but only
occasionally! Still in the 1940s ethanol was commonly
used for fixation in the field. When the museum moved
from downtown Stockholm to north of the city in 1916,
the economy for alcohol was reduced due to world war I
(otherwise Sweden was not involved). This led to the
invention to use a diluted formalin solution for the
exhibition jars (for specimens fixed in ethanol!). The
research collection continued to be stored in ethanol.
Our collection is old. We estimate that our oldest
specimens in ethanol are from the 1720s (from the Seba
collection). Still many specimens from before 1758 are
in remarkable good condition. In some specimens it is
even possible to get small pieces of DNA with ancient
DNA technic – but usually not. This sounds
contradicting to some statements above. We don’t know
too much about the preservation history of these
specimens, but what we know might be of general
interest. The initial fixation and preservation was in
distilled wine (=“spiritus vini”). We don’t know the
concentration, and probably it was not pure ethanol,
but also contained small amount of other fractions
from the wine, more like strong cognac. The Royal
collection (of king Adolf Fredrik with many Linnaean
types) was donated to the Royal Swedish Academy of
Sciences in 1801. NRM was founded in 1819, but
immediately in practice fused with the Academy. In
1848 the collections of the Academy was formally
donated to the Museum. From the 1740s to 1970 this
collection of vertebrates in alcohol was moved four
times. Jars and fluid was probably changed twice. But
most of the time the collection was stored cool and
dark. Glasses and fluids was expensive so the ratio:
specimen volume / conservation fluid volume was high
up to 1900. From 1801-1898 the major part seems to
have been almost untouched, except that the whole
collection was moved 1500 meters in 1829.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US">I was once asked how long a specimen
could be stored in alcohol. With the reservation that
our old specimens will be stored like today, no sudden
disasters etc (and no climate change), I decided that
to 2220 = 500 years would be possible, maybe 1000
years.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Garamond,serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US">Erik Åhlander</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Garamond,serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US">vertebrate zoology and museum history</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Garamond,serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Garamond,serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US">ZOO</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Garamond,serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US">Swedish Museum of Natural History</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Garamond,serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">PO
Box 50007</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Garamond,serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">SE-10405
Stockholm</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Garamond,serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Sweden</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Garamond,serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">+46
0 8 5195 4118</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Garamond,serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">+46
0 70 225 2716</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Garamond,serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><a
href="mailto:erik.ahlander@nrm.se" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">erik.ahlander@nrm.se</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<div>
<div
style="border-right:none;border-bottom:none;border-left:none;border-top:1pt
solid rgb(225,225,225);padding:3pt 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Från:</span></b><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> Nhcoll-l <<a
href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>>
<b>För </b>Dirk Neumann<br>
<b>Skickat:</b> den 7 maj 2021 08:36<br>
<b>Till:</b> <a
href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Ämne:</b> Re: [Nhcoll-l] Alcohol concentration
for terrestrial vertebrates</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Hi Tonya (and John and Simon ;-)</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">concur with John and Simon,
specimens should be kept in 70%; Simon pointed to the
diluting effects and the image below nicely
illustrates this: even if you use more steps for
transferring specimens (0/20/40/60/80 vs.
20/30/50/70), tissues are still soaked with 60% or
less high concentrated EtOH.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Depending on size, body mass and
number of specimens (i.e. amount of tissue in the
jar), the effect can be considerable (see "staining"
in the images below; in the left one, body fluids
released from these tall whitefish are indicated by
the reddish haemoglobin stain at the bottom of the
jar, the overall greenish colour in the right comes
from chlorophyll released from the guts of these
herbivorous distichodus fish).</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">I do the initial filling usually
with 73-75% EtOH to reach 70%; aside from vertebrates
high EtOH concentrations can be an issue in malaise
traps because there the specimens usually are
collected over several days or weeks in 96-80% EtOH.
As Simon pointed out this quickly dehydrates specimens
and weakens the joints holding all the antennae,
appendices, bristles of invertebrates. Another issue
is that in unsorted malaise trap samples there often
is a thick deposit of specimens at the bottom of the
container. Because the diluted less high concentrated
ethanol is heavier, it layers at the bottom of the jar
(cf. whitefish jar). Inside malaise trap containers,
this diluted EtOH may get trapped in the thick
specimen deposit.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Usually, I leave jars for few day
to see if there are any unwanted effects before moving
them into the collection.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Hope this is useful, with best
wishes</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Dirk</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><img style="width: 2.9687in;
height: 5.125in;"
id="gmail-m_-7675439772973428610_x0000_i1025"
src="cid:part5.B73A1B21.471317A8@snsb.de" class=""
width="285" height="492"></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Am 07.05.2021 um 00:17 schrieb
Simon Moore:</p>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks John and Tonya, </p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">What John says is true about the
staging of alcohols and the final concentrations.
80% was what I was advised at the NHM in London
when I worked there and by the time larger
terrestrial vertebrates ‘end up’ in 80%, you will
often find that with the mix of lower grade alcohols
from the staging process, once things have settled
down / equilibrated, then the net result is around
70% anyway. Higher grade alcohols can lead to
embrittlement of certain tissues as well as
evaporation issues.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">I have also found the staging
process necessary for the more fragile specimens as
they undergo changes in Osmotic pressure during this
process which can cause syneresis or shrinkage in
softer tissues.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;color:black">With
all good wishes, Simon<br>
<br>
Simon Moore MIScT, RSci, FLS, ACR<br>
Conservator of Natural Sciences and Cutlery
Historian,</span><br>
<br>
<a
href="https://url11.mailanyone.net/v1/?m=1leu5X-0006gs-5g&i=57e1b682&c=P_JTOxhc00RtGTsMjTrryrRBThMnzI5k1ol2aDVqPITm0G_xR0drpuNIhh-krJ6ihFhOLJnXYNjI5fJDeS7rag0t-LwIYs0jmRWXIk2uN2sYVvoo4O9RHPsKEAKiAK-LvbrlH-pnEJMM5dJlJOlNvswIXfaiFJxHBKwsoJX5uQ31zmivYbvBNJdb61ZNkqDKGinISZmQBmu6t6VBola0IT4zHh0nqkiHmWvI7KCXEbWncO8-owQTcerGpMed6sP9"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">www.natural-history-conservation.com</a><br>
<br>
<br>
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class="" width="394" height="90" border="0"></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
</p>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">On 6 May 2021, at 22:50, John E
Simmons <<a
href="mailto:simmons.johne@gmail.com"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">simmons.johne@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:<br>
<br>
Tonya,<br>
Thank you for your kind words about my book. The
recommendation for staging up to 80% concentration
was by made by my friend Simon Moore, who I cited
in that sentence. In general, I do not recommend
using 80% ETOH as a preservative for terrestrial
vertebrates, but rather 70%. Preservation is
alcohol is a trade-off between dehydration of
the specimens and providing them suitable
protection against biological deterioration. At
70%, ETOH is a very good biocide; below that, not
so good, and above 70%, too strong for most
specimens (note that there are some instances in
which 80% might be preferred). <br>
<br>
I do not recommend using stronger alcohol as a
hedge against evaporation--that leads to uneven
concentrations of preservatives and can be a real
mess to work with in a collection.<br>
<br>
For how-to instructions on preserving,
transferring specimens, and managing a fluid
preserved collection, you might want to
check Herpetological Collecting and
Collections Management (3rd edition, 2015). The
instructions for preserving and managing fluid
preserved animals will work for most other
specimens as well as for reptiles and amphibians.<br>
<br>
Hope this helps,<br>
--John<br>
<br>
John E. Simmons<br>
Writer and Museum Consultant<br>
Museologica<br>
and<br>
Associate Curator of Collections<br>
Earth and Mineral Science Museum & Art Gallery<br>
Penn State University<br>
and<br>
Investigador Asociado, Departamento de Ornitologia<br>
Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional
Mayor de San Marcos, Lima<br>
<br>
<br>
On Thu, May 6, 2021 at 4:05 PM Haff, Tonya (NCMI,
Crace) <<a href="mailto:Tonya.Haff@csiro.au"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">Tonya.Haff@csiro.au</a>>
wrote:<br>
Hello all,<br>
<br>
I am enjoying reading John Simmon's fantastic book
on fluid preservation. In it I read one suggestion
for stepping specimens up out of formalin fixative
into preservation alcohol as follows: from 20%
ETOH to 40% to 60% and finally to 80%. We
typically place our specimens in 70% ETOH, and I
know higher concentrations can cause some problems
with specimen dehydration. All our specimens are
terrestrial vertebrates. I presume the final 80%
provides a buffer against ETOH evaporation or
leaching of water from the specimen into the fluid
in the jar, to ensure that the alcohol
concentration in the preservation fluid stays
sufficiently high? But to me this is not quite
clear. I wonder if any of you have thoughts on
this, or if you would be willing to share how you
step your specimens up in ETOH? <br>
<br>
Thank you!<br>
<br>
Tonya<br>
<br>
<br>
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<pre>society. See <a href="https://url11.mailanyone.net/v1/?m=1leu5X-0006gs-5g&i=57e1b682&c=n9v2LutVgadpE1qTiCapYBOSRbHUMMlrbIsijhZtlaRjF9SPYAuced2FunXpcb_i-RvpBTpTPbmEaji9gJcejMamqqALeEUw2eAjmPAsUNJp8goSRDy9c9_9-Xvu7XVJ6qBkEqgNnNRpNpjp3Hm--W3Y9PUPKUwu8nQP_K-uQCu6XkVMC3GAbtpXbqQiELhlviXYn2JwVW8FhgIs0ux69w" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.spnhc.org</a> for membership information.</pre>
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<br>
---------<br>
<br>
Dirk Neumann<br>
<br>
Tel: +49-89-8107-111<br>
Fax: +49-89-8107-300<br>
neumann(a)<a href="http://snsb.de" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">snsb.de</a><br>
<br>
postal address:<br>
<br>
Bavarian Natural History Collections<br>
The Bavarian State Collection of Zoology<br>
Dirk Neumann, Section Ichthyology / DNA-Storage<br>
Muenchhausenstr. 21<br>
81247 Munich (Germany)<br>
<br>
Visit our section at:<br>
<a
href="https://url11.mailanyone.net/v1/?m=1leu5X-0006gs-5g&i=57e1b682&c=JImAtj76hCg59Twp85vww2NkEbHhn0BZDtHaBWGm0xS1JSC20mprqjLH6gcv8xjRskwD7o94VanEIHJg5cbwYcFHXN_eUPP-tKVJL86ZhBqL0IGEtOA8BnI36IWsVu1SOAPuBQLiCd3li7Tl3Y8AeYAE6BS4jdfgWuFxplBL460IJF1Pg-bNeSyoDlMNY8-UJJiL2Bkqhla3WjzUHl6BY1epB4uylPFrCL8g96pzkHex3VzExDMYgLTDlY7y92ce"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.zsm.mwn.de/sektion/ichthyologie-home/</a></p>
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<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
NHCOLL-L is brought to you by the Society for the Preservation
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whose<br>
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management of<br>
natural history collections to ensure their continuing value
to<br>
society. See <a href="http://www.spnhc.org" rel="noreferrer"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.spnhc.org</a>
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<div dir="ltr"><font color="#93c47d"><span
style="font-family:Tahoma;border-collapse:separate"><font
size="2" face="Helvetica">Mare Nazaire, Ph.D.</font><font
size="2" face="Helvetica"><br>
Administrative Curator, Herbarium [RSA-POM]</font><font
size="2" face="Helvetica"><br>
</font></span><span
style="font-family:Tahoma;border-collapse:separate"><font
size="2" face="Helvetica">California Botanic
Garden</font></span></font></div>
<div><span
style="font-family:Tahoma;border-collapse:separate"><font
size="2" face="Helvetica" color="#93c47d">Research
Assistant Professor, Claremont Graduate University</font></span></div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div><span style="border-collapse:separate"><font
color="#93c47d">1500 North College Avenue<br>
Claremont, California 91711</font></span></div>
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color="#93c47d">909.625.8767 ext. 268</font></span></div>
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<pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">_______________________________________________
Nhcoll-l mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">Nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://mailman.yale.edu/mailman/listinfo/nhcoll-l">https://mailman.yale.edu/mailman/listinfo/nhcoll-l</a>
_______________________________________________
NHCOLL-L is brought to you by the Society for the Preservation of
Natural History Collections (SPNHC), an international society whose
mission is to improve the preservation, conservation and management of
natural history collections to ensure their continuing value to
society. See <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.spnhc.org">http://www.spnhc.org</a> for membership information.
Advertising on NH-COLL-L is inappropriate.
</pre>
</blockquote>
<p><br>
</p>
<div class="moz-signature">-- <br>
<p><img src="cid:part28.D2CFF077.36AF2688@snsb.de" alt=""
width="152" height="59"></p>
<p><br>
Dirk Neumann<br>
<br>
Tel: 089 / 8107-111<br>
Fax: 089 / 8107-300<br>
neumann(a)snsb.de<br>
<br>
Postanschrift:<br>
<br>
Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns<br>
Zoologische Staatssammlung München<br>
Dirk Neumann, Sektion Ichthyologie / DNA-Storage<br>
Münchhausenstr. 21<br>
81247 München<br>
<br>
Besuchen Sie unsere Sammlung:<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.zsm.mwn.de/sektion/ichthyologie-home/">http://www.zsm.mwn.de/sektion/ichthyologie-home/</a><br>
<br>
---------<br>
<br>
Dirk Neumann<br>
<br>
Tel: +49-89-8107-111<br>
Fax: +49-89-8107-300<br>
neumann(a)snsb.de<br>
<br>
postal address:<br>
<br>
Bavarian Natural History Collections<br>
The Bavarian State Collection of Zoology<br>
Dirk Neumann, Section Ichthyology / DNA-Storage<br>
Muenchhausenstr. 21<br>
81247 Munich (Germany)<br>
<br>
Visit our section at:<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.zsm.mwn.de/sektion/ichthyologie-home/">http://www.zsm.mwn.de/sektion/ichthyologie-home/</a><br>
<br>
</p>
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