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<p class="MsoNormal">See below from two Smithsonian Industrial Hygienists:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="color:black">PubChem and the CDC have developed resources, including a section on PPE;
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="color:black">1.<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/tetrodotoxin#section=Personal-Protective-Equipment-(PPE)"><span style="color:blue">Tetrodotoxin | C11H17N3O8 - PubChem (nih.gov)</span></a></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#212121"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="color:black">2. <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/emergencyresponsecard_29750019.html">
<span style="color:blue">CDC - The Emergency Response Safety and Health Database: Biotoxin: TETRODOTOXIN - NIOSH</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#212121"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#212121">Per PubChem<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#212121">“A fatal dose may be as little as 1 to 4 mg per person.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#5B616B">Klaassen, C.D. (ed). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001., p. 1079<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#2E8540">Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#212121">... the minimum lethal dose in an adult human is estimated to be 2-3 mg.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#5B616B"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25551594"><span style="color:#0071BC">PMID:25551594</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#5B616B">Cole JB et al; MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 63 (51): 1222-5 (2015”<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Mike<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Harmon, Kimberly A. <<a href="mailto:HarmonKA@si.edu">HarmonKA@si.edu</a>>
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 13, 2021 2:03 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Hawks, Catharine <<a href="mailto:HawksC@si.edu">HawksC@si.edu</a>>; Hunt, Michael <<a href="mailto:HuntMi@si.edu">HuntMi@si.edu</a>>; Makos, Kathryn <<a href="mailto:MAKOSK@si.edu">MAKOSK@si.edu</a>>; Kathryn Makos [kamakos@verizon.net] (<a href="mailto:kamakos@verizon.net">kamakos@verizon.net</a>)
<<a href="mailto:kamakos@verizon.net">kamakos@verizon.net</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Preparing Tetraodontid Skeletons<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Definitely!<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I can’t say that I have any experience with it but was intrigued.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">And it looks like they really do need to take serious precautions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Looks like it is highly toxic not only through ingestion but can also be absorbed through the skin or inhaled. I found this animal toxicity study using tetrodotoxin which lists PPE and precautions when injecting it in animals, which might
be a good starting place for info and it looks like the person listed might still be at Emory.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.dar.emory.edu/safety/agents/TETRODO.pdf">http://www.dar.emory.edu/safety/agents/TETRODO.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Here’s is also a SDS for tetrodotoxin<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.caymanchem.com/msdss/14963m.pdf">https://www.caymanchem.com/msdss/14963m.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Kim<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Hawks, Catharine <<a href="mailto:HawksC@si.edu">HawksC@si.edu</a>>
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 13, 2021 1:16 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Harmon, Kimberly A. <<a href="mailto:HarmonKA@si.edu">HarmonKA@si.edu</a>>; Hunt, Michael <<a href="mailto:HuntMi@si.edu">HuntMi@si.edu</a>>; Makos, Kathryn <<a href="mailto:MAKOSK@si.edu">MAKOSK@si.edu</a>>; Kathryn Makos [kamakos@verizon.net] (<a href="mailto:kamakos@verizon.net">kamakos@verizon.net</a>)
<<a href="mailto:kamakos@verizon.net">kamakos@verizon.net</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> FW: Preparing Tetraodontid Skeletons<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Interesting inquiry!<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Nhcoll-l <<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Christina Giovas<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 13, 2021 9:45 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Nhcoll-l] Preparing Tetraodontid Skeletons<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Nhcoll-l <nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu> <b>
On Behalf Of </b>Christina Giovas<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 13, 2021 9:45 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Nhcoll-l] Preparing Tetraodontid Skeletons<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:12.0pt;background:#FFEB9C">
<b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#9C6500">External Email - Exercise Caution</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Hello All,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">An Australian colleague of mine is preparing fish specimens for osteological collections and has several pufferfish (Tetraodontidae) to tackle. She is worried about tetrodotoxin exposure using conventional methods.
Is anyone aware of published protocols for safely skeletonizing these fish or have experience handling tetraodontids or diodontids? Looking to avert a bad outcome.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Many thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Christina<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Christina M. Giovas, PhD<br>
Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University<br>
Associate Editor, Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology<br>
Associate Editor, Journal of Anthropological Research<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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