<div dir="ltr"><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>For those interested in how to deal with numerous jars of too-many-to-efficiently-count specimens: We often guess the count of the contents (like the old game of guessing the number of jellybeans in a jar). <br></div><div><br></div><div>I was curious how good our guesses were, so just before the pandemic an undergraduate looking for a museum project checked.</div><div><br></div><div>Our results were published in the Alaska Entomological Society Newsletter: <a href="http://www.akentsoc.org/doc/AKES_newsletter_2020_n1_a08.pdf">http://www.akentsoc.org/doc/AKES_newsletter_2020_n1_a08.pdf</a></div><div><br></div><div>Short answer: our guesses were on average under-counts of the number of specimens. <br></div><div><br></div><div>"The sum of the original counts of the 1,099 vials in our sample was 272,033 specimens. Assuming our subsample was representative, we estimate these 1,099 vials probably hold closer to 421,749 specimens."</div><div><br></div><div>-Derek<br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, Mar 17, 2022 at 11:57 AM Jean-Marc Gagnon <<a href="mailto:JMGAGNON@nature.ca">JMGAGNON@nature.ca</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div style="overflow-wrap: break-word;" lang="EN-CA">
<div class="gmail-m_-2244567652270372795WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Lennart,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">This is an interesting question, one that we (at CMN) tried to addressed a few years ago.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">I personally don’t like to refer to “number of specimens” in our collections since we don’t typically manage the number of specimens but rather the
lots. Two fish samples with 10 and 20 specimens are pretty much managed the same way. But still, being a curator of invertebrate collections, it is difficult to properly express as a number the amount of copepods in a plankton sample (whether it is sorted
by species or maintained as a faunal assemblage).<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">However, the “total number of specimens” in collection is a value that is often used to represent the size of collections and to some extent, to
give non-museum people a sense of how big natural history collections can be in comparison to an art museum, as an example. For that reason, our museum used to boast 10.4 millions specimens in our collections, a value calculated in the late 1990’s but without
any indication of how that value was obtained.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">In 2016, we though it would be a good exercise to update that estimate and record the process so that it can be more easily updated in the future.
We now have (or more precisely, state that we have) 14.6 millions specimens/objects in our collections, a number that we frequently use in our communication with government, the general public and potential donors to provide a reference in terms of magnitude.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">To reach that number, we needed to make a number of assumptions. These assumptions made sense at the time, and may not be the same as the one made
explicitly or implicitly by other large museums like the Smithsonian (“more than 146 million objects and specimens”), the Natural History Museum (“some 80 million items”), or the Muséum national d’histoire naturel de Paris (“au total, 68 millions”).<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Assumptions and working principles the CMN collections:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0cm" type="disc">
<li class="gmail-m_-2244567652270372795MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">For collections like pinned insects, which typically work with single specimens as a unit,
we estimated of the total number of specimens. Subsampling was used on occasion to obtain a better estimate.<u></u><u></u></span></li><li class="gmail-m_-2244567652270372795MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">For collections like our Fish Collection, which is fully databased and record the number
of specimens per lot/sample, we could use the total count reported from the database.<u></u><u></u></span></li><li class="gmail-m_-2244567652270372795MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">For collections where the number of specimens per lot is greater than one and not necessarily
or consistently recorded, we either did subsampling or assumed a conservative number per sample to obtain a better estimate. For example, we typically use a conservative, average value of 10 specimens per lots for the Mollusc Collection.<u></u><u></u></span></li><li class="gmail-m_-2244567652270372795MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">For collections like Vascular Plants and Mineralogy, where one could assume that there is
one specimen per sheet or one mineral per box, subsampling showed that it can be more than 1. As a result, we used different average counts for different portions of the collection, ranging from 1 to 3 specimens per sheet or 1 to 1.5 specimens per mineral
collection.<u></u><u></u></span></li><li class="gmail-m_-2244567652270372795MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Coming back to the lots/samples with such large amount of specimens in them that they could
not be reasonably estimated (e.g., plankton samples), as is the case for our Faunal Assemblage Collection, we resorted to only reporting the number of lots/samples, which is obviously a huge underestimation of the number of specimens.<u></u><u></u></span></li><li class="gmail-m_-2244567652270372795MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Finally, for our diatom/micro-algae collection, where the number of specimens (i.e., cells
and chains) can be in the millions, if not billions per lot/sample, estimated number of specimens were obtained by extrapolating from the portion examined on a slide or a SEM mounts to the know volume examined. Therefore, in this instance, we kept the value
at a very conservative level (in the few millions), knowing that the real value is probably in the multiple billions.<u></u><u></u></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">As you can see, lots of steps and assumptions along the way. And is that 14.6 millions specimens a reasonable estimate for our museum? Probably not
(it should be in the billions is we take all unicellular organisms into consideration, but at least we can back it up.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">I hope this helps.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Jean-Marc<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="FR-CA">Jean-Marc Gagnon</span></b><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="FR-CA">, Ph.D. (he/him/his) (il/lui)</span><span style="color:black" lang="FR-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="FR-CA">Curator, Invertebrate Collections / Chief Scientist</span><span style="color:black" lang="FR-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="FR-CA">Conservateur, Collection des invertébrés / Expert scientifique en chef</span><span style="color:black" lang="FR-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="FR-CA">Canadian Museum of Nature / Musée canadien de la nature</span></b><span style="color:black" lang="FR-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="FR-CA">613 364 4066</span><span style="color:black" lang="FR-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="FR-CA">613 851-7556 cell</span><span style="color:black" lang="FR-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="FR-CA">613 364 4027 Fax</span><span style="color:black" lang="FR-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="FR-CA"><a href="mailto:jmgagnon@nature.ca" target="_blank"><span style="color:rgb(5,99,193)">jmgagnon@nature.ca</span></a>
</span><span style="color:black" lang="FR-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="FR-CA"> </span><span style="color:black" lang="FR-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="FR-CA">Adresse postale / Postal Address:</span></u><span style="color:black" lang="FR-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="FR-CA">Canadian Museum of Nature / Musée canadien de la nature</span><span style="color:black" lang="FR-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="FR-CA">P.O. Box 3443, Sta.
</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">D / Casier Postal 3443, Succ. D</span><span style="color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4 / Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4</span><span style="color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="FR-CA">Canada / Canada</span><span style="color:black" lang="FR-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="FR-CA"> </span><span style="color:black" lang="FR-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="FR-CA">Adresse de livraison / Courier Address :
</span></u><span style="color:black" lang="FR-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">1740 Pink Road, Gatineau, QC, J9J 3N7</span><span style="color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US"> Nhcoll-l <<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu" target="_blank">nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Macklin, James<br>
<b>Sent:</b> March 17, 2022 12:59 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Derek Sikes <<a href="mailto:dssikes@alaska.edu" target="_blank">dssikes@alaska.edu</a>>; Bentley, Andrew Charles <<a href="mailto:abentley@ku.edu" target="_blank">abentley@ku.edu</a>><br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu" target="_blank">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [EXT]Re: [Nhcoll-l] How many specimens<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">This is a very challenging question and as Derek rightly points out, definitions and metrics matter! We should consider this a grand challenge and
have a contest to see what kind of answers we get. Would need some good prizes though…
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">But for now my thinking is that we just say we have ‘lots’!
</span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">J</span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US"> lol<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">JAmes<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US"> Nhcoll-l <<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu" target="_blank">nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Derek Sikes<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, March 17, 2022 12:53 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Bentley, Andrew Charles <<a href="mailto:abentley@ku.edu" target="_blank">abentley@ku.edu</a>><br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu" target="_blank">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Nhcoll-l] How many specimens<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">It also depends on how one defines specimens.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Some define a specimen as a catalog record, i.e. 1
<i>or more</i> specimens since some catalog records are for 'lots' e.g. 2 ants on 1 pin, or 15 spiders in 1 vial.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Thus, you will get very different numbers if you tally catalog records based on specimens, compared to tallying the actual specimens themselves.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">-Derek<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">On Thu, Mar 17, 2022 at 6:16 AM Bentley, Andrew Charles <<a href="mailto:abentley@ku.edu" target="_blank">abentley@ku.edu</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="border-color:currentcolor currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204,204,204);border-style:none none none solid;border-width:medium medium medium 1pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 6pt;margin:5pt 0cm 5pt 4.8pt">
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Lennart<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">This is extremely difficult to estimate but estimates range into the billions (3-5 billion in various publications). We can really only track digitized records
and the best way to do this is through GBIF where specimen based records are around 216 million (observation records are close to 2 billion in comparison!!).<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><img style="width: 2.3819in; height: 1.993in;" id="gmail-m_-2244567652270372795gmail-m_-3860682338021395945Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:17f997f698c4cff311" alt="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/GwHlBWgSSahK3K6RO4pue6K0rRlXR6uGxtmWn-V-DYerXzruT5eBr7ZpuiNVMSa4IB936_94wp6msqL-4Nh2L7-kvETPIoSaoatQle4tAH2rZJtE08VttHso6cQ8AgOLso0Wdoc" width="229" height="191" border="0"></span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Hope that helps<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Andy<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"> A : A : A :<br>
}<(((_°>.,.,.,.}<(((_°>.,.,.,.}<)))_°><br>
V V V<br>
Andy Bentley<br>
Ichthyology Collection Manager<br>
University of Kansas<br>
Biodiversity Institute</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU">Dyche Hall<br>
1345 Jayhawk Boulevard<br>
Lawrence, KS, 66045-7561<br>
USA<br>
<br>
Tel: <a href="tel:%28785%29%20864-3863" target="_blank">(785) 864-3863</a><br>
Fax: <a href="tel:%28785%29%20864-5335" target="_blank">(785) 864-5335</a> <br>
Email: <a href="mailto:abentley@ku.edu" target="_blank">abentley@ku.edu</a> </span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">ORCID:
<span style="color:rgb(73,74,76);background:white none repeat scroll 0% 0%"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3093-1258" target="_blank">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3093-1258</a></span><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><a href="http://ichthyology.biodiversity.ku.edu/" target="_blank">http://ichthyology.biodiversity.ku.edu</a></span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> A : A : A :<br>
}<(((_°>.,.,.,.}<(((_°>.,.,.,.}<)))_°><br>
V V V<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border-style:solid none none;border-width:1pt medium medium;padding:3pt 0cm 0cm;border-color:currentcolor">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Nhcoll-l <<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu" target="_blank">nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Lennart Lennuk<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, March 17, 2022 3:51 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu" target="_blank">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Nhcoll-l] How many specimens<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black" lang="ET">Hi!</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black" lang="ET"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black" lang="ET">Does anybody have lately calculated how many specimens are there in the natural history collections?</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black" lang="ET"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black" lang="ET">Best regards!</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black" lang="ET">Lennart Lennuk</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black" lang="ET">Head of collections</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black" lang="ET">Estonian Museum of Natural History</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black" lang="ET">+372 6603404, 56569916</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:11.8pt">
<span lang="ET"> </span><span lang="ET"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms,sans-serif"><font size="1"><br>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br><b>Derek S. Sikes</b>, Curator of Insects, Professor of Entomology<br>University of Alaska Museum (UAM), University of Alaska Fairbanks</font></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms,sans-serif"><font size="1">1962 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6960<br><a href="mailto:dssikes@alaska.edu" target="_blank">dssikes@alaska.edu</a> phone: 907-474-6278</font></span><font size="1"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms,sans-serif"> he/him/his<br><a href="https://www.uaf.edu/museum/collections/ento/" target="_blank">University of Alaska Museum</a> - <a href="http://arctos.database.museum/uam_ento" target="_blank">search 357,704 digitized arthropod records</a><br>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br><br>Interested in Alaskan Entomology? Join the Alaska Entomological <br>Society and / or sign up for the email listserv "Alaska Entomological Network" at <br><a href="http://www.akentsoc.org/contact_us" target="_blank">http://www.akentsoc.org/contact_us</a></span><br></font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>