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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Our field has conflated the idea of wood products becoming acidic over time with pure cotton (cellulose) becoming acidic over time. It is the lignin content of wood that becomes acidic, and in some cases additives to
paper, that become acidic over time (through oxidation and/or hydrolysis). Pure cotton itself is not expected to become acidic over time except by transfer of acidity from adjacent components and even that is questionable. Certainly, in fluid preserved collections
there are many components that will react with oxygen before cellulose gets a chance. These include residual formaldehyde from fixation, oils, fats, and other organic constituents from specimens, and even ethanol itself – consider the wine into vinegar process.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Pure cotton presents no risk of acidification, although it may present problems of catching on complex surfaces.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Rob<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Nhcoll-l <nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu> <b>
On Behalf Of </b>Tom Schiøtte<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, August 16, 2022 7:35 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Nhcoll-l] Fluid preservation jar lids<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Dear Lennart,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">I am no biochemist, but my understanding is that cotton is chemically complex, but that the end result is rather to the alkaline than the acidic side. Somebody correct that if I am wrong. In alcohol samples,
however, the real thing to worry about is that the alcohol itself becomes somewhat acidic when it over time absorbs CO2 from the air.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">I have heard of synthetic cotton too. Let somebody experiment with that over 100 years and perhaps convince my great-great-grandchildren of its qualities.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Cheers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Tom<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Lennart Lennuk <<a href="mailto:Lennart.Lennuk@loodusmuuseum.ee">Lennart.Lennuk@loodusmuuseum.ee</a>>
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 16. august 2022 13:07<br>
<b>To:</b> Tom Schiøtte <<a href="mailto:tschioette@snm.ku.dk">tschioette@snm.ku.dk</a>>;
<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Fluid preservation jar lids<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ET">Dear Tom,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ET"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ET">Can you tell if there might be a probleem with acidity with cotton wool?<br>
I have heard about alternative using of synthetic cotton.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ET"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ET">Best!<br>
Lennart<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ET"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="ET">From:</span></b><span lang="ET"> Nhcoll-l [<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Tom Schiøtte<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, August 16, 2022 12:29 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Nhcoll-l] Fluid preservation jar lids<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ET"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Dear Joosep,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">At our museum we always used ordinary 100% hydrophilic cotton with satisfactory results for stoppers in the glass-tubes. Among other things it keeps its properties over very long time. We have experimented with
other solutions, but they always proved to be problematic in some way.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Mind you, with the setup on your photo, use also a layer of cotton wool under the glass tubes to prevent them from breaking on the outer glass jar. And if you now tell me that the tubes and jars are some kind
of plastic or PVC, please reconsider your choice. Glass and cotton have practically eternal life, while other materials have yet to demonstrate that.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Cheers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Tom<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:DA">Tom Schiøtte</span></b><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:DA"> </span></b><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:DA">Collection manager, Echinodermata & Mollusca</span></b><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:DA">Natural History Museum of Denmark (Zoology)</span></b><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:DA">Universitetsparken 15</span></b><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:DA">DK 2100 Copenhagen OE</span></b><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:DA"> </span></b><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:DA">+45 35 32 10 48</span></b><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:DA"><a href="mailto:TSchioette@snm.ku.dk"><span style="color:blue">TSchioette@snm.ku.dk</span></a></span></b><span lang="DA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DA" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Nhcoll-l <<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Joosep Sarapuu<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 16. august 2022 10:39<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Nhcoll-l] Fluid preservation jar lids<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ET">Dear all,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ET">We would like to know which lid is the best for small jars for fluid specimens. We have an idea that when we collect (for excample small coastal specimens) in the same area and same date we can sort them out in the small
jars and place small jars in the big jar (like in the picture) to save space and it will be comfortable to manage these. We will put alcohol in both jars, the small ones and big one also. But right now we do not know which is the best way to close the small
jars to prevent specimens to fall out. Is some kind of cotton, or plastic or something else the best. Can somebody help us?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ET"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ET">Sincerely,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ET">Joosep Sarapuu<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ET">Estonian Natural History Museum<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ET">59031393<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ET"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ET"><img border="0" width="867" height="200" style="width:9.0312in;height:2.0833in" id="Pilt_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.jpg@01D8B1A5.E2615760" alt="banner_Läänemeri"></span><span lang="ET"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ET"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;background:lightyellow">
<strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#000B00;background:lightyellow">Kiri on saadetud väljastpoolt valitsemisala.
</span></strong><span style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#000B00;background:lightyellow"> Ärge avage kirjaga kaasa tulnud linke või manuseid enne, kui olete saatja õigsuses ja sisu turvalisuses kindel.</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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