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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">As usual, what a great thread! I learn a lot from you all regularly, so thanks everyone for the shared knowledge!
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Mandy maybe you don’t need another fume hood, if keeping the lids on buckest closed is ok? But FYI and for others who have asked about our ‘portable’ fume hood… we purchased ours from Laftech Technologies
last year. I’ve attached the quote (it’s pricey – we’re lucky we can afford it right now), which details which one and which filters we purchased. I know that there are other brands out there as well, and as I haven’t used them I can’t say that the one we
have is the best, but so far it seems to function well (and it can be fitted with Formalin specific filters).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Tonya <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Nhcoll-l <nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Robert Waller<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, 23 September 2022 9:03 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Mandy Reid <Mandy.Reid@Australian.Museum>; nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Rhiannon Stephens <Rhiannon.Stephens@Australian.Museum>; Harry Leung <Harry.Leung@Australian.Museum><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Nhcoll-l] Formalin transfer<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Hi Mandy,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">That is a great question – what, if any, is the optimum amount of formaldehyde to carry over into storage solutions?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">My credibility, again if any, is with physical chemistry of solutions and ends abruptly at the solution-specimen interface.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Going beyond that, I must defer to John, Dirk, et al.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">I do hope they will have some evidence based advice on what would be an ideal residual concentration of formaldehyde, recognizing that would likely depend on taxonomic group being preserved.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Rob<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Mandy Reid <<a href="mailto:Mandy.Reid@Australian.Museum">Mandy.Reid@Australian.Museum</a>>
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, September 22, 2022 4:53 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Robert Waller <<a href="mailto:rw@protectheritage.com">rw@protectheritage.com</a>>;
<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Rhiannon Stephens <<a href="mailto:Rhiannon.Stephens@Australian.Museum">Rhiannon.Stephens@Australian.Museum</a>>; Harry Leung <<a href="mailto:Harry.Leung@Australian.Museum">Harry.Leung@Australian.Museum</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Formalin transfer<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Hi Rob<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thank you very much for that advice. That is really helpful.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I also received the below response. Do you think flushing the formalin from tissues could reverse the cross linking and hence fixation of the specimen? It seems to me that if this is the case, rinsing the surface formalin and then transferring
through an ethanol series would have exactly the same effect in the long term as soaking the specimen out in water, so I am not sure of the advantage of only rinsing the surface of the specimen as stated by Andrew below. It assumes that no liquids subsequently
enter the specimen when I imagine it would ultimately reach equilibrium with the preservative.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We don’t go through an ethanol series because of the time involved and also because it would require huge volumes of ethanol.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Do you have a recommended procedure for transferring specimens from formalin to ethanol or do you think simply soaking out in water (lids on) then placing straight in 80% ethanol is OK in terms of the longevity and integrity of the tissue?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Cheers<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Mandy<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="color:#1F497D">Hi Mandy,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="color:#1F497D">Interesting – we only wash the surface formalin off before running through stepping alcohol. The information we’d always worked to was that flushing all formalin out of the tissues was undesirable
long term (especially with small fishes), as the cross-linking caused by formalin can be partially reversed. There is an equilibrium reaction between aldehyde & alcohol forming acetal & water. Do you have more recent and improved info on changing this process?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="color:#1F497D">I can’t see <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="color:#1F497D">Cheers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="color:#1F497D">Andrew<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-NZ">>><<<)o><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-NZ">Assistant Curator NE (Fishes)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-NZ">Museum of New Zealand<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-NZ">04 381 7314<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-NZ">027 7339363<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Dr Mandy Reid</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Collection Manager | Malacology
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Australian Museum</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> 1 William Street Sydney
NSW 2010 Australia <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">T</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> 61 2 9320 6412
<b>M </b>61 0431 829 842 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><br>
</span><a href="http://www.australian.museum/"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="154" height="63" style="width:1.6041in;height:.6597in" id="Picture_x0020_3" src="cid:image001.png@01D8CF32.B34DBB80" alt="signature_357450491"></span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#595959"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#201F1E">I respect and acknowledge the Gadigal people of the Eora Nation as the First Peoples and Traditional Custodians of the land and waterways
on which the Australian Museum stands.<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Robert Waller <<a href="mailto:rw@protectheritage.com">rw@protectheritage.com</a>>
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, 22 September 2022 11:57 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Mandy Reid <<a href="mailto:Mandy.Reid@Australian.Museum">Mandy.Reid@Australian.Museum</a>>;
<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Rhiannon Stephens <<a href="mailto:Rhiannon.Stephens@Australian.Museum">Rhiannon.Stephens@Australian.Museum</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Formalin transfer<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Hi Mandy,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">The vapor pressure of formaldehyde in aqueous solutions that are less than 40%w/v is real (we can smell it) but considerably lower than the vapor pressure of water in the solution. Therefore, unless the surrounding atmosphere
is very close to 100%RH (speculating, perhaps > 99%), then water will be leaving the solution faster than formaldehyde does. Therefore, keeping a lid on makes more sense than leaving it off if the goal is extracting formaldehyde while keeping formaldehyde
concentration as low as possible in the solution.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Rob<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Nhcoll-l <<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Mandy Reid<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, September 21, 2022 9:17 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Rhiannon Stephens <<a href="mailto:Rhiannon.Stephens@Australian.Museum">Rhiannon.Stephens@Australian.Museum</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Nhcoll-l] Formalin transfer<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_Hlk43465280">We are currently working on a large project at the Australian Museum to transfer our entire mollusc collection out of formalin (in which it has been stored for historical reasons) and into ethanol for long term preservation.<o:p></o:p></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk43465280"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk43465280">We normally soak each specimen lot out in 3 changes of water in a fume hood with lids left off the containers/vials etc. to assist with degassing of the formaldehyde in solution. Our problem is a
bottleneck in our workflow due to limitations imposed by our fumehood work space. I am wondering whether others in the group have faced similar issues and whether soaking out can possibly be done in water but leaving the lids on the containers (hence could
be done on a lab bench after pouring off the formalin in the fume hood)? We don’t have a way to measure residual formalin after the soaking-out process so don’t know whether or not this will be effective.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk43465280"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk43465280">Any advice would be much appreciated.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk43465280">Mandy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk43465280"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk43465280"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Dr Mandy Reid</span></b></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk43465280"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk43465280"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Collection Manager | Malacology
<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk43465280"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Australian Museum</span></b></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk43465280"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">
1 William Street Sydney NSW 2010 Australia <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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