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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Sarah’s statement indicates two things: “this specimen was collected at this time and place”, so the specimen is certainly a voucher for that event, and “it belongs to a certain
taxon”, which is an opinion – subject to reappraisal at any time and thus not voucherable.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">In the broadest sense – and any other sense – a collection thus does not contain vouchers for a species, just registers for names and evidence for hypotheses.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">PC<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Paul Callomon<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Collection Manager, Malacology and General Invertebrates<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia PA 19103-1195, USA<br>
<i><a href="mailto:prc44@drexel.edu"><span style="color:#0563C1">prc44@drexel.edu</span></a> Tel 215-405-5096 - Fax 215-299-1170</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Taylor, Sarah <sarah.taylor@uconn.edu>
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, November 3, 2022 10:37 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> John E Simmons <simmons.johne@gmail.com>; Callomon,Paul <prc44@drexel.edu><br>
<b>Cc:</b> nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [Nhcoll-l] vouchers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;font-variant:small-caps;color:black">External.</span></b><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;font-variant:small-caps"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">And to add just a little bit more…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">If a voucher is “a thing that confirms something,” then in the broadest sense ALL natural history specimens (with collection data) are
vouchers, as they confirm that an individual of a certain taxon existed at a specific place at a specific time.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">But, yes, generally the term is applied in a narrower sense! And count me in as someone very curious about the terms for “voucher specimen”
in non-English languages.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Sarah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">-----------------------------------------------------------------<br>
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Sarah Taylor, PhD<br>
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Collections Manager, CONN<br>
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George Safford Torrey Herbarium<br>
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology<br>
<b>University of Connecticut</b><br>
75 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3043<br>
Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3043<br>
U.S.A.<br>
<br>
P: 860.486.1889<br>
F: 860.486.4320 <br>
<a href="https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbgbaseserver.eeb.uconn.edu%2F&data=05%7C01%7Cprc44%40drexel.edu%7C1e50d9ea51f1480f285608dabda8d3be%7C3664e6fa47bd45a696708c4f080f8ca6%7C0%7C0%7C638030830062060813%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=y%2F9ITJoHDkWx2rDIvxnkwsP%2FsomJkJl1xT0EiauqFYU%3D&reserved=0">http://bgbaseserver.eeb.uconn.edu/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Nhcoll-l <<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>John E Simmons<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, November 3, 2022 9:42 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Callomon,Paul <<a href="mailto:prc44@drexel.edu">prc44@drexel.edu</a>><br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Nhcoll-l] vouchers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;line-height:12.0pt;background:#FFEB9C">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">*Message sent from a system outside of UConn.*<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">Just to add a note to Paul's excellent explanation--it may be useful to you to look at the origin of the word "voucher" to better understand its meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><i><span style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">Voucher</span></i><span style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black"> comes from the Latin word
<i>vocare</i>, which means "to call." The best definition for <i>voucher</i> in the Oxford English Dictionary is "a fact, circumstance, or thing to confirm or prove something," which is why we use voucher in the ways that Paul described, to refer to specimens
that have been used in research to support the claims of the research. Voucher can also mean such things as to summon someone to court to give evidence, etc. But if you think of
<i>voucher</i> as "a thing that confirms something," its meaning in the phrase <i>
voucher specimen</i> is clear.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">There is an equivalent word for
<i>voucher</i> in Spanish, <i>comprobante</i>, but I have noticed that most Spanish speakers (at least those in Latin America) prefer to use the word
<i>voucher</i> when referring to scientific specimens because it carries a more specific meaning and because it is derived from Latin, it is easily adapted to Spanish.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">I am curious to know what a
<i>voucher specimen</i> is called in other languages. German, French, Norwegian, Japanese, Chinese?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">--John<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">John E. Simmons<br>
Writer and Museum Consultant</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">Museologica<br>
<i>and</i><br>
Associate Curator of Collections<br>
Earth and Mineral Science Museum & Art Gallery<br>
Penn State University<br>
<i>and</i><br>
Investigador Asociado, Departamento de Ornitologia<br>
Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">On Thu, Nov 3, 2022 at 8:23 AM Callomon,Paul <<a href="mailto:prc44@drexel.edu">prc44@drexel.edu</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in">
To “vouch for” something or someone means “to support their claim to truth”. If I vouch for your trustworthiness, I support your claim to that quality.
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in">
Voucher specimens also support claims to truth that are either published or in some way codified. For example: if I write a paper about mollusks from Bermuda, then all the specimens I mention in it become vouchers for that paper. In the future, anyone who is
interested can look at them and see what I was working with. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in">
Vouchers need not be for a published work, but usually refer to a defined study or event. All the material collected in a field survey, for example, are vouchers for that survey – even if nothing about it is published. They support the claim that the survey
was carried out and that those species were collected. <o:p></o:p></p>
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Specimens in a general collection, even fine ones, are therefore not vouchers until someone has said something specifically about them or they belong to a named group such as material from an expedition.
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in">
A loose definition of “voucher”, then, might be “material evidence for a claim to truth”.
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PC<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in;background:white">
<span style="color:black">Paul Callomon</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in;background:white">
<span style="color:black">Collection Manager, Malacology and General Invertebrates</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<b><span style="color:black">Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="color:black">1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia PA 19103-1195, USA<br>
<i><a href="mailto:prc44@drexel.edu" target="_blank">prc44@drexel.edu</a> Tel 215-405-5096 - Fax 215-299-1170</i></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<b>From:</b> Nhcoll-l <<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu" target="_blank">nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Lennart Lennuk<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, November 3, 2022 3:03 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu" target="_blank">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Nhcoll-l] voucher<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;font-variant:small-caps;color:black">External.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in">
<span lang="ET" style="color:black">Hi!</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span lang="ET" style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span lang="ET" style="color:black">Just to clear it up in my mind. What is word „voucher“ used for?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in">
<span lang="ET" style="color:black">There is voucher specimens – that means top specimens of a certain species?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span lang="ET" style="color:black">Then vouchers when we speak a parts of specimen, like feathers, bloodsamples – is it only in zoology?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span lang="ET" style="color:black">And then also eDNA Voucher.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in">
<span lang="ET" style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in">
<span lang="ET" style="color:black">Sorry for a little messy wording.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span lang="ET" style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in">
<span lang="ET" style="color:black">Best regards!</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in">
<span lang="ET" style="color:black">Lennart Lennuk</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in">
<span lang="ET" style="color:black">Head of collections</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in">
<span lang="ET" style="color:black">Estonian Museum of Natural History</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:1.0in">
<span lang="ET" style="color:black">+372 6603404, 56569916</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span lang="ET"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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