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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">John,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">In French, I would use “specimen-témoin”, but my French-speaking friends from the “old continent” may have a better term.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Jean-Marc<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Nhcoll-l <nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>John E Simmons<br>
<b>Sent:</b> November 3, 2022 9:42 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Callomon,Paul <prc44@drexel.edu><br>
<b>Cc:</b> nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [EXT]Re: [Nhcoll-l] vouchers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">Just to add a note to Paul's excellent explanation--it may be useful to you to look at the origin of the word "voucher" to better understand its meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">Voucher</span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black"> comes from the Latin word
<i>vocare</i>, which means "to call." The best definition for <i>voucher</i> in the Oxford English Dictionary is "a fact, circumstance, or thing to confirm or prove something," which is why we use voucher in the ways that Paul described, to refer to specimens
that have been used in research to support the claims of the research. Voucher can also mean such things as to summon someone to court to give evidence, etc. But if you think of
<i>voucher</i> as "a thing that confirms something," its meaning in the phrase <i>
voucher specimen</i> is clear.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">There is an equivalent word for
<i>voucher</i> in Spanish, <i>comprobante</i>, but I have noticed that most Spanish speakers (at least those in Latin America) prefer to use the word
<i>voucher</i> when referring to scientific specimens because it carries a more specific meaning and because it is derived from Latin, it is easily adapted to Spanish.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">I am curious to know what a
<i>voucher specimen</i> is called in other languages. German, French, Norwegian, Japanese, Chinese?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">--John<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">John E. Simmons<br>
Writer and Museum Consultant</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">Museologica<br>
<i>and</i><br>
Associate Curator of Collections<br>
Earth and Mineral Science Museum & Art Gallery<br>
Penn State University<br>
<i>and</i><br>
Investigador Asociado, Departamento de Ornitologia<br>
Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Thu, Nov 3, 2022 at 8:23 AM Callomon,Paul <<a href="mailto:prc44@drexel.edu">prc44@drexel.edu</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US">To “vouch for” something or someone means “to support their claim to truth”. If I vouch for your trustworthiness, I support your claim to that quality.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US">Voucher specimens also support claims to truth that are either published or in some way codified. For example: if I write a paper about mollusks from Bermuda,
then all the specimens I mention in it become vouchers for that paper. In the future, anyone who is interested can look at them and see what I was working with.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US">Vouchers need not be for a published work, but usually refer to a defined study or event. All the material collected in a field survey, for example, are vouchers
for that survey – even if nothing about it is published. They support the claim that the survey was carried out and that those species were collected.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US">Specimens in a general collection, even fine ones, are therefore not vouchers until someone has said something specifically about them or they belong to a named
group such as material from an expedition. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US">A loose definition of “voucher”, then, might be “material evidence for a claim to truth”.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US">PC<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Paul Callomon</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Collection Manager, Malacology and General Invertebrates</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia PA 19103-1195, USA<br>
<i><a href="mailto:prc44@drexel.edu" target="_blank">prc44@drexel.edu</a> Tel 215-405-5096 - Fax 215-299-1170</i></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Nhcoll-l <<a href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu" target="_blank">nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Lennart Lennuk<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, November 3, 2022 3:03 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu" target="_blank">nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Nhcoll-l] voucher<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:36.0pt">
<span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;font-variant:small-caps;color:black">External.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:36.0pt">
<span lang="ET" style="color:black">Hi!</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:36.0pt">
<span lang="ET" style="color:black"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="ET" style="color:black">Just to clear it up in my mind. What is word „voucher“ used for?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:36.0pt">
<span lang="ET" style="color:black">There is voucher specimens – that means top specimens of a certain species?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:36.0pt">
<span lang="ET" style="color:black">Then vouchers when we speak a parts of specimen, like feathers, bloodsamples – is it only in zoology?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:36.0pt">
<span lang="ET" style="color:black">And then also eDNA Voucher.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="ET" style="color:black"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:36.0pt">
<span lang="ET" style="color:black">Sorry for a little messy wording.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="ET" style="color:black"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="ET" style="color:black">Best regards!</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:36.0pt">
<span lang="ET" style="color:black">Lennart Lennuk</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:36.0pt">
<span lang="ET" style="color:black">Head of collections</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:36.0pt">
<span lang="ET" style="color:black">Estonian Museum of Natural History</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="ET" style="color:black">+372 6603404, 56569916</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="ET"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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