<html><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;">Thanks Doug,<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">If we’re getting into type designations, I though that paratypes were the other specimens collected with the holotype, and that if the holotype was a female then a male allotrope would be designated as well if both sexes were present. If no holotype was described (unusual these days) then the original collection would be syntypes?</div><div class=""><br class=""><div class=""><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">With all good wishes, Simon<br class=""><br class="">Simon Moore MIScT, RSci, FLS, ACR<br class="">Conservator of Natural Sciences and Cutlery Historian,</span><br class=""><br class=""><a href="http://www.natural-history-conservation.com" class="">www.natural-history-conservation.com</a><br class=""><br class=""><span></span><br class=""><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"></span><span><img apple-inline="yes" id="FEF60199-227B-4006-86B2-1AEE242E16AE" src="cid:3543D570-FCD3-4F5F-B04C-2A6D3A8D9E27@home" class=""></span><span><img apple-inline="yes" id="6564C992-0AC8-47EB-AA90-32277E236110" src="cid:44ED9140-C81F-497F-B52B-A41A76C7F679@home" class=""></span><br class=""></div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class="">On 3 Nov 2022, at 17:52, Douglas Yanega <<a href="mailto:dyanega@gmail.com" class="">dyanega@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br class=""><br class="">Type specimens are a special kind of voucher, in the sense that there are formal rules governing their designation and deposition, under various Codes (ICNafp, ICZN).<br class="">That's really all that they are, despite the formal categorization and status. Of all the categories, of course, the one that has the least nomenclatural signficance ("paratypes") is most akin to the general understanding of vouchers; paratypes collectively provide evidence for how the original author perceived the circumscription of their new taxon. They have no status nomenclaturally - and, in fact, if one was to need a replacement for a lost holotype, you might NOT want to use a paratype - but they can be very important taxonomically; after all, if a holotype is an adult male (or female), then the paratypes can include the other sex, or immature stages, and that can be very valuable.<br class=""><br class="">Peace,<br class=""><br class=""><div class="">-- </div><div class="">Doug Yanega Dept. of Entomology Entomology Research Museum</div><div class="">Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0314 skype: dyanega</div><div class="">phone: (951) 827-4315 (disclaimer: opinions are mine, not UCR's)</div><div class=""> </div><a href="https://faculty.ucr.edu/~heraty/yanega.html" class="">https://faculty.ucr.edu/~heraty/yanega.html</a><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""> "There are some enterprises in which a careful disorderliness</div><div class=""> is the true method" - Herman Melville, Moby Dick, Chap. 82</div><br class="">_______________________________________________<br class="">Nhcoll-l mailing list<br class="">Nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu<br class="">https://mailman.yale.edu/mailman/listinfo/nhcoll-l<br class=""><br class="">_______________________________________________<br class="">NHCOLL-L is brought to you by the Society for the Preservation of<br class="">Natural History Collections (SPNHC), an international society whose<br class="">mission is to improve the preservation, conservation and management of<br class="">natural history collections to ensure their continuing value to<br class="">society. See http://www.spnhc.org for membership information.<br class="">Advertising on NH-COLL-L is inappropriate.<br class=""></blockquote><br class=""></div></body></html>