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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Dear colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">I’m looking for opinions on a tricky nomenclatural situation involving type material in our collection at OSUM. I have my own opinion based on my reading of the ICZN, but I’m curious to know how other museum
staff would view the status of these specimens. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">The basic situation (made generic/anonymous) is this:
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">an author published a new animal species description in a peer reviewed print journal. Let’s say the year of publication is 2015. In the paper itself,
there are numerous contradicting statements about the specimen that was intended to be the holotype. The author is deceased and cannot answer questions about their intent.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">The author, in the description, says something like this: “Holotype: OSUM 1234, 10 specimens. Paratype: OSUM 4567, 1 specimen.”.
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">I know for a fact (from information outside of the publication) that the material which was figured as the holotype and used to write the “morphological
description of the holotype” is not in lot OSUM 1234. It is the specimen OSUM 4567.
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">The figure captions in the paper are internally inconsistent due to typos and miscommunications between the author and museum staff. For example, the
sole figure of the holotype is captioned “Holotype: OSUM 1224” (a lot which is a different phylum and clearly not intended to be the type) rather than OSUM 1234.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.25in"><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Additional Information from outside the publication (which cannot be used per ICZN 72.4.1.1):<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">A pre-print proof copy of the manuscript available online uses “OSUM 4567” in the caption for the figure of the holotype.
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">OSUM 4567 has a label inside of it in the author’s handwriting that says “paratypes”.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">OSUM 1234 has 9 specimens, not 10. It has no markings or labels from the author, and the many specimens inside are not separated or marked in any way.
None exactly match the measurements given by the author, and no individual is closer than any other to matching the published measurements.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">To be clear, all the specimens in question are the same biological entity. This is purely a question about type status.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">-Nate<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ligatures:none">--<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:13.5pt;background:white">
<span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#333333;mso-ligatures:none"><img width="224" height="45" style="width:2.3333in;height:.4687in" id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.png@01D9C52F.FDA69D70" alt="The Ohio State University"><br>
</span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#BB0000;background:white;mso-ligatures:none">Nathaniel F. Shoobs</span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#333333;mso-ligatures:none"><br>
Curator of Mollusks<br>
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#BB0000;background:white;mso-ligatures:none">College of Arts & Sciences</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#333333;mso-ligatures:none"> Dept. of Evolution,
Ecology, and Organismal Biology<br>
Museum of Biological Diversity, 1315 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH 43212<br>
614-688-1342 (Office)<br>
<a href="http://mbd.osu.edu"><span style="color:#0563C1;background:white">mbd.osu.edu</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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