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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Hi Robyn,</div>
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">it depends a bit on the type of specimens, as Dries mentioned: you probably could go up faster with fish than with (delicate) marine invertebrates, i.e. with specimens with (more stable) cellular membranes, but it is definitely
 useful being careful and consider more and smaller steps, especially if the specimens were exposed to low alcohol concentrations and might have suffered from hydrolysis. The critical steps regarding osmotic shock and damage usually at concentrations above
 60 %. <br>
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">If the concentration was well below 40%, it might be useful to bring them up to 50% in short time to prevent unwanted microbial activity. If there are many specimens in your jars, you could split them up in more jars, especially
 if you have larger 'deposits' of small specimens in the lower half of your jars, because of unwanted layering of the alcohol.</div>
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Hope this helps,</div>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Dirk <br>
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 25.08.2023 um 15:33 schrieb <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:a.j.van_dam@lumc.nl">
a.j.van_dam@lumc.nl</a>:<br>
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Dear Robyn,<br>
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There is a positive correlation between the depth of tissue penetration and the square root of time for fixatives/preservatives. Assuming ethanol would penetrate 1 mm into the tissue in 1 hour (some papers mention this figure for 100% ethanol as the penetration
 coefficient), it would penetrate in 25 hours (ca. 1 day) 5 mm, in 49 hours (ca. 2 days) 7 mm, and in 169 hours (ca. one week) 13 mm.</div>
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Of course, besides the thickness of the tissue, it also depends on the type of specimen and its tissue density. It will always be a bit of a guess, but the above calculation surely helps in defining a minimum time per transfer bath.</div>
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Kind regards,</div>
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Dries</div>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family:
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 J. van Dam</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: "Verdana",
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            "Verdana", sans-serif; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);" class="ContentPasted1" lang="EN-US">Scientific associate | Natural History Museum London</span></p>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000"><b>Van:</b> Nhcoll-l
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu">
<nhcoll-l-bounces@mailman.yale.edu></a> namens Robyn Cumming <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:robyn.cumming@qm.qld.gov.au">
<robyn.cumming@qm.qld.gov.au></a><br>
<b>Verzonden:</b> vrijdag 25 augustus 2023 04:04<br>
<b>Aan:</b> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">
nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a> <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">
<nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu></a><br>
<b>Onderwerp:</b> [Nhcoll-l] Increasing ethanol concentration in stages</font>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">Hi all</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">I have some wet specimens with ethanol concentration below what is desirable (50-60%) and am topping them up in stages of ~5% back up to 70% to avoid osmotic shock.</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">My question:  does anybody know how long I should wait between stages? Is a few days long enough to allow the specimens to adjust before increasing the concentration again?</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">I haven’t been able to find anything in the literature on this. Any advice greatly appreciated!</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Lucida
                Handwriting"; color:#500BB5">Best wishes, Robyn</span></b></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
                font-family:"Arial",sans-serif; color:#1F497D">Dr Robyn Cumming</span></b><span style="color:#1F497D"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;
              font-family:"Arial",sans-serif; color:#1F497D">Collection Manager, Marine</span></p>
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<pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">_______________________________________________
Nhcoll-l mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu">Nhcoll-l@mailman.yale.edu</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://mailman.yale.edu/mailman/listinfo/nhcoll-l">https://mailman.yale.edu/mailman/listinfo/nhcoll-l</a>

_______________________________________________
NHCOLL-L is brought to you by the Society for the Preservation of
Natural History Collections (SPNHC), an international society whose
mission is to improve the preservation, conservation and management of
natural history collections to ensure their continuing value to
society. See <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.spnhc.org">http://www.spnhc.org</a> for membership information.
Advertising on NH-COLL-L is inappropriate.
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Postanschrift: Adenauerallee 127, 53113 Bonn, Germany<br>
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Stiftung des öffentlichen Rechts;<br>
Generaldirektion: Prof. Dr. Bernhard Misof (Generaldirektor), Adrian Grüter (Kaufm. Geschäftsführer)<br>
Sitz der Stiftung: Adenauerallee 160 in Bonn<br>
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Stiftung Leibniz-Institut zur Analyse des Biodiversitätswandels<br>
Postanschrift: Adenauerallee 127, 53113 Bonn, Germany<br>
<br>
Stiftung des öffentlichen Rechts;<br>
Generaldirektion: Prof. Dr. Bernhard Misof (Generaldirektor), Adrian Grüter (Kaufm. Geschäftsführer)<br>
Sitz der Stiftung: Adenauerallee 160 in Bonn<br>
Vorsitzender des Stiftungsrates: Dr. Michael Wappelhorst<br>
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