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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Interesting papers, thanks for sharing, Joachim!<br>
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 04.07.2024 um 06:52 schrieb Joachim Händel:</div>
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<p>No, more is not better here!</p>
<p>70% ethanol is a fungicide that has a membrane-active effect on the cell wall. The 30% water transports the alcohol into the cytoplasm. The proteins in the membrane of the mould fungi and spores are denatured and the cell is prevented from carrying out
vital metabolic processes, which kills the fungi and often even the spores.<br>
In the case of alcohol with a higher concentration, this transport does not take place or only to a limited extent. Growth is merely inhibited. The spores of the fungi are not destroyed by this application. In addition, alcohol in high concentrations can cause
shrinkage.</p>
<p>There is an excellent paper on this topic about mould on papers - see attachment (sorry, only in German).</p>
<p>I am also enclosing an interesting publication on your topic from the journal "Copeia".</p>
<p>Ben wrote that you should check the humidity conditions at the location of the cabinet. This is important. It is often sufficient for a better microclimate to move the cabinets 1...2 centimetres away from the wall and, if possible, place them on feet so
that the entire cabinet is ventilated and no damp patches form.</p>
<p>Good luck!<br>
Joachim</p>
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<div><span style="color: #949494; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;">-- </span></div>
<div><span style="color: #949494; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Joachim Haendel</span></div>
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<div><span style="color: #949494; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Center of Natural Science Collections<br>
of the Martin Luther University (ZNS)<br>
- Entomological Collection -<br>
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Domplatz 4<br>
D-06099 Halle (Saale)<br>
Germany<br>
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Phone: +49 345 - 55 26 447<br>
</span><span style="color: #949494; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Email:
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:joachim.haendel@zns.uni-halle.de">
joachim.haendel@zns.uni-halle.de</a></span></div>
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>>> John E Simmons <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:simmons.johne@gmail.com">
<simmons.johne@gmail.com></a> 04.07.2024, 05:00 >>><br>
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Ben's advice is good, but you might want to consider using full-strength ethanol (95.6%) rather than 70%. At 70%, ethanol is a good biocide, but the advantage to full-strenth is that it evaporates faster and therefore is less likely to affect the specimen or
be absorbed deeply into the specimen. I also recommend cleaning the specimens by rolling a cotton swab (Q-tip) over the mold rather than brushing.</div>
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--John</div>
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<div dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;">John E. Simmons<br>
Writer and Museum Consultant</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: tahoma,sans-serif;">Museologica<br>
<em>and</em><br>
Investigador Asociado, Departamento de Ornitologia<br>
Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima</span></span></div>
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<div class="gmail_attr" dir="ltr">On Wed, Jul 3, 2024 at 5:42 PM Benjamin Hess <<a href="mailto:bmhess@umich.edu" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">bmhess@umich.edu</a>> wrote:</div>
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<div dir="auto">Jessica,</div>
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<div dir="auto">I treated an entire cabinet with mammal specimens, which included several bats. I am listing our process steps below. If you have any questions, please let me know. I am happy to share more specific details.</div>
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<li>Isolate the cabinet out of the collection (if possible). We moved ours to our preparation lab.
</li><li>Remove moldy specimens from the cabinet and place inside a fume hood. </li><li>Discard any archival trays that may hold mold spores. Place in a sealed trash bag.
</li><li>Use 70% ethanol to wipe all surfaces of the cabinet including seal. If possible, you can spray the cabinet with 70% ethanol. Use HEPA vacuum after each treatment. Repeat 2-3 times depending upon mold severity.
</li><li>If this is an older cabinet, consider improving the seal. </li><li>Check the temperature and humidity conditions of the cabinet location. We discovered an airflow issue and resealed a collection door that contributed to the issue.
</li><li>Specimens:
<ul>
<li>Under the fume hood, use 70% ethanol and a small brush like a toothbrush (soft brush or Q-tip for bat membrane) to coat all surfaces of specimens with mold. Use new ethanol frequently based upon mold coverage.
</li><li>Leave specimens in the fume hood until dry. </li><li>With a dry brush, brush specimens toward HEPA vacuum with screen over tip to prevent unwanted vacuuming (e.g., specimen tags).
</li><li>Depending upon the severity of mold, repeat 2-3 times. </li><li>Once complete, dry specimens under fume hood with a drying method for specimen preparation including compressed air and additional drying "dust" for skins.
</li><li>No paper material beyond specimen labels should be retained. </li></ul>
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<div>Sincerely,</div>
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<div>Ben </div>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Benjamin M. Hess | EEB Museums Registrar | </span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0,0,0);"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><strong style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">EEB
Museums Safety Representative to the RMC </strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">University of Michigan | LSA Ecology & Evolutionary Biology | Research Museums Center</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor MI 48108-2228</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><a style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;" href="mailto:bmhess@umich.edu" target="_blank" rel="noopener" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">bmhess@umich.edu</a>
| 734-764-2432</span></p>
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<div class="gmail_attr" dir="ltr">On Wed, Jul 3, 2024 at 2:56 PM Jessica E. Light <<a href="mailto:jessica.light@ag.tamu.edu" target="_blank" rel="noopener" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">jessica.light@ag.tamu.edu</a>> wrote:</div>
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<p>Hi everyone,</p>
<p>Anyone have any advice for the best treatment for mold on preserved skins (small mammals, primarily bats, mostly on exposed wing and tail membranes and ear/face tissue) and skeletal elements (mainly skulls)? I'm looking for advice for treating the specimens
themselves as well as the cases in which the specimens are stored.</p>
<p>Thank you in advance for your help!<br>
Jessica</p>
<pre style="font-family: monospace;">--
Dr. Jessica E. Light (she/her/hers)
Professor and Curator of Mammals
Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology
Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
<a style="font-family: monospace;" href="https://lightjessica.weebly.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://lightjessica.weebly.com</a></pre>
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