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[Mitsuyo Wada-Marciano]

Mark Schilling provided information on budget differences between the
Hollywood film industry and the Japanese film industry in order to indicate
why Japanese films cannot compete with Hollywood films.  However, this type
of comparison is equally applicable to all cinemas outside of Hollywood,
and thus, it does little to illuminate the specificities of the Japanese
film industry.  Since we are focusing on the business side of film
production in Japan, it would be more fruitful to examine the specific
tactics that allowed the Japanese film industry to survive since the
1970's; were these tactics unilateral through the industry? Or did they
vary among studios? Did production companies modify those tactics in the
80's & 90's?  How do we locate the cheesy epic within those survival
measures? Should the "Godzilla forever!" be counted within them? etc.  If
the Japanese film industry, as Shilling writes, still has a long way to go,
is the underlying assumption that Japanese cinema should follow the
American model, wherein Hollywood cannibalizes so-called "independent"
film?  Again, I believe the discourse faces a dead end if we insist on
reiterating the same dichotomy of Hollywood and Japanese cinema.

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Mitsuyo Wada-Marciano