Invasion of Buckeyes into Canada

Michael Gochfeld gochfeld at eohsi.rutgers.edu
Tue Nov 23 05:26:57 EST 1999


My vote for the invasion was the extremely mild winter of 1998-99 (and 
the mild winter of 1997-98) rather than the summer weather (1999). The 
mild winter(s) allowed the butterflies to overwinter further north than 
they usually do.  Thus to begin with the new 1999 generations of some 
southern species were much further north than the new generations 
usually are, which allowed them  to establish breeding populations 
further north than usual. 

This predicts that Buckeyes would also have shown up 1-2 months earlier 
than usual at intermediate locations. 

M. Gochfeld


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