[Nhcoll-l] Antw: Re: [EXTERN] Re: Desktop thermal printers?

Fri Apr 17 02:52:39 EDT 2026

Hello everyone,
That’s what a paper expert told me as well.
The toner and the surface of the ‘synthetic paper’ apparently fuse
together. I believe that such papers will be of interest to us in the
future. There are some that are age-resistant and chemical-resistant.
That’s why I’m currently conducting tests with Teslin, Neobond, Artisyn
and NeverTear.

Regarding the older posts from earlier this week.
Light and temperature naturally play a major role. But that applies to
all our objects and their labels!
In my tests, as an accelerated ageing test, I placed the the containers
with the labels on a laboratory 3D shakers (40 revolutions per minute)
for two weeks to simulate, for example, transport or the opening and
closing of drawers over a long period.

When using laser printers, it seems that print speed and fusing
temperature are indeed crucial.
The standard setting for documents is apparently not ideal. I usually
print labels using the setting for card stock or overhead
transparencies.

@Dirk
Even though your labels on transparent paper performed best, I don’t
think this paper is a good idea.
With tracing paper, the cellulose fibres are ground and crushed so that
they lie flat on top of one another and are barely interlocked
(felted).
This is why tracing paper is not absorbent, but is not very strong
mechanically (It breaks easily).
Furthermore, the transparency is achieved by soaking the paper in
sulphuric acid, which dissolves the cellulose a little. The sulphuric
acid is washed out at the end, but this is never completely successful.
Tracing paper is not resistant to ageing.

All the best,
Joachim

--  
Joachim Haendel

Center of Natural Science Collections
of the Martin Luther University (ZNS)
- Zoological Collection -

Domplatz 4
D-06099 Halle (Saale)
Germany

Phone:  +49 345 - 55 26 447
Email: joachim.haendel at zns.uni-halle.de

>>> Ian Engelbrecht <ianicus.za at gmail.com> schrieb am 16.04.2026 um
16:25:
Just dropping this bit of info here so it's on the radar. Apparently
with Teslin, the heating process that melts the toner melts the
substrate under it at the same time, forming a bond between the two so
that the letters don't come off again afterwards. This is just
theoretical though, and needs to be investigated in some real manner. I
wonder if looking at the bonds between laser printed letters and the
underlying substrate would be possible with electron microscopy.
Possibly something to be investigated in the reals of materials science.

Ian

On Thu, Apr 16, 2026 at 2:17 PM Gali Beiner
<gali.beiner at mail.huji.ac.il> wrote:

I'll add to Dirk's post that to me, the fact that the "alphabet soup" 
phenomenon has been spotted in various places (including our own
collections at NNHC-HUJI) in labels produced by different printers makes
laser printers a problematic choice. Laser printers are based firstly on
electric charges (the paper is negatively charged to attract the image
from the photoreceptor drum), and then on heating (to melt the powder
from the toner and fuse the resultant ink into the paper fibers). This,
combined with the paper quality and coating issue, means that there
could be several problematic points along the process of printing.
Choice of paper is actually the easiest point to resolve. 

Gali 

On Thu, Apr 16, 2026 at 3:01 PM Dirk Neumann <d.neumann at leibniz-lib.de>
wrote:

Hi Ian and all,

there is a lot of valuable information on the SPNHC Wiki on labels:
https://spnhc.org/labeling-natural-history-collections/#Laser_Printing_.28and_Photocopiers.29

Key factors for the adhesion of laser toner letters is the coating of
the paper, its roughness and the temperature during printing.

Some early Xerox labels from the 1980ies and 1990ies in my former
collection were still fine in 30 years later in terms of printing, but
the coating of the paper started to fell apart (visible white/grey
shading, followed by detachment of letters from 'discoloured' grey
areas).

Letter soup usually occurs if the toner has not been melted properly
onto the paper (i.e. its fibres), the surface was too smooth, or a
combination of both.

Hope this helps
Dirk

Am 14.04.2026 um 20:58 schrieb Ian Engelbrecht:

Also, just continuing the aging acceleration discussion, what would be
tremendously helpful would be a way to accelerate whatever process is
going on which causes thelaser printed letters to separate from the
paper/substrate they're attached to. That might be a good student
project in itself - working out what happens over time that causes that
separation so we can understand and mitigate or avoid that process. 

Ian

On Tue, Apr 14, 2026 at 8:56 PM Ian Engelbrecht <ianicus.za at gmail.com>
wrote:

We have a similar experiment here. I printed labels on several
different archival papers, including Teslin, 'goatskin', and others, all
with an Epson EcoTank Mono 1100, and distributed copies to wet
collections around the country. They're all sitting in jars on
windowsills now (or at least I hope they are). 

Ian

On Tue, Apr 14, 2026 at 6:00 PM Kendrick Fowler
<kendrickorion at gmail.com> wrote:

Along with running labels through a tumbler or shaker of some kind, I
think that exposing labels to light and heat (along the lines of Andy's
window ledge test) could be useful and interesting for accelerated aging
experiments.

For what it's worth, I have been running a not-very-scientific test
similar to Andy's with labels made using my lab's inkjet printer, albeit
for much less time; the vials have been sitting in my window for ~5
years. So far, the labels have remained perfectly readable, and the text
printed by the inkjet appears to have held up equally as well as text
handwritten on the labels using a black Pigma Micron pen (though both
the inkjet printed and the handwritten text appear to have faded
slightly). The labels were printed on Enduro Xerographic 100% cotton
paper using an Epson ET-4750 EcoTank printer filled with Epson T5021
black ink, and the Micron pen was Sakura stock # XSDK005-49.

Kendrick

Kendrick Fowler, Entomology Lab Manager
Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program  |  hvfarmscape.org
+1 (518) 672-7994 (office)  |  +1 (267) 377-7567 (cell)

Follow us on Facebook
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On Tue, Apr 14, 2026 at 12:24 AM Gali Beiner
<gali.beiner at mail.huji.ac.il> wrote:

Just adding my own angle - the tests described in my publication
involved tubes being shaked for hours in a laboratory shaker. Actually
sounds to me less rough, motion-wise, than a washing machine... I did
add glass spheres (no sharp angles) to the mix, though. 

However, the comments re: problems of accelerated aging are, of course,
valid. They are valid also for accelerated aging tests in fields other
than fluid collection labels. One way I dealt with that was shortening
test times from 1 month (as pee the "classic" Oddy Test) to 48 hours. 

In any case, I consider all of the comments here very valuable to
shsping future testing. I have sent an email to a person at the IPI
(thanks for the contact, Rob! Fabian, I'll follow yours, too!). If they
reply, I'd be happy to gather a think-tank team to discuss the subject
with them. 

Gali

Gali Beiner (ACR)
Conservator, Palaeontology Lab
National Natural History Collections
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Berman Building, Edmond J. Safra campus, Givat Ram
Jerusalem 91904, Israel
Fax. 972-2-6585785
gali.beiner at mail.huji.ac.il
https://nnhc.huji.ac.il/?lang=en

בתאריך יום ג׳, 14 באפר׳ 2026, 00:39, מאת Dirk Neumann
‏<d.neumann at leibniz-lib.de>:

Hi all,

before we introduced our gill tags for a major field survey, I tagged
small fish (2cm) with approx. 1cm gill tags, but them in PE-bottles with
formalin, and put them into a washing machine running the full cold wash
programme (no heat, but 'bumpy road' conditions.

Think that matches Andy's idea of a rock tumbler quite well.

The HP 600 ink jet labels on 100 g/m2 transparent paper preformed best
(as already said in this thread: ink jet printing boils the ink and
shoots it into the paper). Gill tags also stayed in place (second level
of testing).

We had perfect performance even on very bumpy off-road tracks in
central Africa. 

Just an idea ...

With best wishes
Dirk

Am 13.04.2026 um 17:20 schrieb Robert Waller:

Hi Andy,
You are right that accelerated aging tests can be misleading. I am not
sure that is what would be wanted. Just having casually read the
messages though, I thought that some guidance on specification of papers
and inks might be useful. For example, where print simply floated off
the paper when immersed, I might guess that could be a result of using a
clay coated paper. That is just a guess as I do not have expertise in
either printers or papers. It just seemed that we might clarify, even
simplify, our understandings by communicating with the people who have
expertise in that. IPI would seem a good place to start.
Perhaps I should have explained that to start.
Best,
Rob

From: Bentley, Andrew Charles <abentley at ku.edu>
( mailto:abentley at ku.edu) 
Sent: Monday, April 13, 2026 10:44 AM
To: Gali Beiner <gali.beiner at mail.huji.ac.il>
( mailto:gali.beiner at mail.huji.ac.il) ; Robert Waller
<rw at protectheritage.com>
( mailto:rw at protectheritage.com) 
Cc: NHCOLL-new <nhcoll-l at mailman.yale.edu>
( mailto:nhcoll-l at mailman.yale.edu) 
Subject: Re: [Nhcoll-l] Desktop thermal printers? 

Hi all

I think the rub (pun intended) with accelerated aging tests is that
they can over-express real-world scenarios.  A thermal transfer printer
label (or any label for that matter) inserted into a glass jar, is going
to be subject to limited abrasion and, as such, any accelerated aging
test that uses physical abrasion as its main mechanism of aging is not
going to be an accurate representation of real word effects in my
opinion.  Maybe placing a jar of alcohol with specimen and label in the
equivalent of a rock tumbler would more closely approximate a real-world
scenario.

Andy

    A  : 		    A  :			 A  :
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Ichthyology Collection Manager
University of Kansas
Biodiversity Institute
Dyche Hall
1345 Jayhawk Boulevard
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Tel: (785) 864-3863
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From: Nhcoll-l <nhcoll-l-bounces at mailman.yale.edu>
( mailto:nhcoll-l-bounces at mailman.yale.edu)  on behalf of Gali Beiner
<gali.beiner at mail.huji.ac.il>
( mailto:gali.beiner at mail.huji.ac.il) 
Sent: Sunday, April 12, 2026 1:06 AM
To: Robert Waller <rw at protectheritage.com>
( mailto:rw at protectheritage.com) 
Cc: NHCOLL-new <nhcoll-l at mailman.yale.edu>
( mailto:nhcoll-l at mailman.yale.edu) 
Subject: Re: [Nhcoll-l] Desktop thermal printers?

Hi Rob and all, 

I'm not familiar with task groups in SPNHC, so somebody who already
works with one will have to explain to me how that works, but generally
speaking - the main problem here is formulating the right kind of
question to answer in a scientific research. In fact, it crosses my mind
that if anybody here has a contact within the Image Permanence
Institute, I'd be happy to get in touch (IPI, according to its own
vision, is "dedicated to supporting the preservation of cultural
heritage collections in libraries, archives, and museums around the
world").

Possibly the study question should be about finding the most permanent
printer-ink-substrate combo (for ethanol?) in each category (laser,
inkjet, thermal transfer), and then comparing categories. This would
involve thinking aboutthe best ways to test permanence for labels in
fluids - for example, in my own published paper I presented a form of
accelerated aging as a testing method. What would be the best way for
testing, other than waiting 50-100 years? Maybe discussing this with
people at the Image Permanence Institute could help. 

Gali  

On Fri, Apr 10, 2026 at 5:18 PM Robert Waller <rw at protectheritage.com>
wrote:

Hi Gali,
Your suggestion "to understand the "recipe" as much as possible" seems
a very good idea.
If you or someone else decides to initiate a task group within SPNHC to
take that on, I suggest you reach out to archives and paper conservators
through their discussion groups as they may already have useful
information available. Perhaps the subject could be suggested as a good
research project for a conservation student. That is, a compilation of
information combined with some experimentation for validation.
Rob

From: Nhcoll-l <nhcoll-l-bounces at mailman.yale.edu> on behalf of Gali
Beiner <gali.beiner at mail.huji.ac.il>
Sent: Thursday, April 09, 2026 4:17 PM
To: Ian Engelbrecht <ianicus.za at gmail.com>
Cc: NHCOLL-new <nhcoll-l at mailman.yale.edu>
Subject: Re: [Nhcoll-l] Desktop thermal printers?

Redesigning is already happening: new tech pops in, for example the
thermal transfer printers are new compared to inkjets, and new
substrates are also being developed. 

One way to deal with inevitable change is to understand the "recipe" as
much as possible and seek out the "cleaner" products - as in the case of
"OBA free, acid free, lignin free" etc paper or understanding which
types of toners are likely to be more permanent. Understanding the
technology as much as possible and testing what we can may help narrow
down choices and set clearer standards. The other way is to remain out
of it and use handwritten labels, but it seems that all of us regard
this option mostly as a ship that has sailed: too hard to get the
workforce to do it. 

Gali

Gali Beiner (ACR)
Conservator, Palaeontology Lab
National Natural History Collections
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Berman Building, Edmond J. Safra campus, Givat Ram
Jerusalem 91904, Israel
Fax. 972-2-6585785
gali.beiner at mail.huji.ac.il
https://nnhc.huji.ac.il/?lang=en

בתאריך יום ה׳, 9 באפר׳ 2026, 21:49, מאת Ian Engelbrecht
‏<ianicus.za at gmail.com>:

Plus the fact that things change over time. HP printer - toner - paper
combination might work now, but will it still 30 years from now when
they’ve redesigned one or three of those components?

Ian

On Thu, 09 Apr 2026 at 18:20, Gali Beiner <gali.beiner at mail.huji.ac.il>
wrote:

Doug is pointing out the heart of the problem - the variety of printing
combinations which makes comparisons difficult. 

In fact, the variations in the way printer-ink-subsrate (paper or
other) combinations work is the main reason why manufacturers recommend
using their own brand for all three parts of the combo. In other words,
the manufacturers say HP printers are supposed to yield better, more
permanent results with original HP toners and HP specialized paper. The
same goes for Canon, Epson or any other brand. Testing according to
conservation parameters can work with that - or at least look very
carefully into what, exactly is chosen for use (eg paper - OBA free,
lignin free etc etc). 

The way things stand now - with endless possible variations and
combinations - basically means it is up to us to try and set the
criteria of choice and monitor whether that works. Not easy, but
possibly we can try. 

Gali

Gali Beiner (ACR)
Conservator, Palaeontology Lab
National Natural History Collections
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Berman Building, Edmond J. Safra campus, Givat Ram
Jerusalem 91904, Israel
Fax. 972-2-6585785
gali.beiner at mail.huji.ac.il
https://nnhc.huji.ac.il/?lang=en

בתאריך יום ה׳, 9 באפר׳ 2026, 18:46, מאת Douglas Yanega
‏<dyanega at gmail.com>:

On 4/8/26 11:38 PM, Gali Beiner wrote:
Other than that, I think that maybe we could use this forum to up the
level of testing a bit - after all we have a pool of collection
professionals here, all with the same problem to solve re:labels for wet
collections (mainly alcohol but also other). Why shouldn't we gather
ourselves into a group of say 5 to 10 people in different collections
and agree on some sort of protocol for different labels in each
collection (or maybe sets of different labels to be tested in all
collections, we could consider the details)  - and have this followed
both in the short and long terms? That would be more interesting than
any individual test. Dear readers in this forum, how does this sound to
you? 

Compilation of different people's experiences have been done here and
elsewhere with some regularity, and one thing that is a universal
impediment to generating a coherent picture is the variability of the
medium that is being printed on. Comparisons of different printers are
nearly meaningless if the "tests" are on different paper stock.
The most dramatic example I can offer is one from personal experience:
back in 1990, we obtained a Laserjet, a fairly new technology at that
time, and printed thousands of labels for both dry and ethanol
specimens. The first several months everything worked flawlessly, and to
this day, almost 40 years on, those original labels are perfectly fine,
even the ones stored in ethanol. Then one day we ran out of the existing
stock of paper, bought a new ream, and loaded it into the printer
without changing anything else. The lettering on those labels chipped,
flaked, and rubbed off the dry labels, and when we tried to put them
into ethanol, the letters floated off. No alteration of settings was
involved, and nothing we did made the labels viable. That is, until we
checked the packaging on the original ream; we found it was not the
exact same thing that we had switched to, so we bought something
IDENTICAL, and the resulting labels were just fine again. The problem
had literally nothing to do with the printer, and everything to do with
the paper.
Again, any "test" that does not control for the medium will not be a
fair and objective test of the merits of a printer.
We presently use an HP Laser printer, and yes, we have had to try
different types of paper to find paper stocks that work well with this
printer. Not all do. Even worse, when we use "replacement" toner
cartridges (not the official HP brand), sometimes but not always, the
printing is slightly flaky and easily abraded. That means there are at
least THREE parameters that need to be controlled: the printer, the
medium, and the toner. Variation in any one of those three can lead to
variation in the quality of the results. This makes objective assessment
and testingvery difficult, and ultimately it's just a litany of
anecdotes.
Peace,
-- Doug Yanega      Dept. of Entomology       Entomology Research
Museum Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0314	phone:
951-827-4315 FaceBook: Doug Yanega (disclaimer: opinions are mine, not
UCR's)    	     https://faculty.ucr.edu/~heraty/yanega.html  "There
are some enterprises in which a careful disorderliness  	  is the
true method" - Herman Melville, Moby Dick, Chap. 82
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National Natural History Collections
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
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Jerusalem 91904, Israel
Fax. 972-2-6585785
gali.beiner at mail.huji.ac.il
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natural history collections to ensure their continuing value to
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Advertising on NH-COLL-L is inappropriate.

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for membership information. Advertising on NH-COLL-L is inappropriate.
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Collection Manager, Hamburg

Postal address:
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20146Hamburg
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-- 
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Postanschrift: Adenauerallee 127, 53113 Bonn, Germany

Stiftung des öffentlichen Rechts;
Generaldirektion: Prof. Dr. Bernhard Misof (Generaldirektor), Adrian
Grüter (Kaufm. Geschäftsführer)
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-- 
Gali Beiner (ACR)
Conservator, Palaeontology Lab
National Natural History Collections
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 
Berman Building, Edmond J. Safra campus, Givat Ram
Jerusalem 91904, Israel
Fax. 972-2-6585785
gali.beiner at mail.huji.ac.il
https://nnhc.huji.ac.il/?lang=en
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NHCOLL-L is brought to you by the Society for the Preservation of
Natural History Collections (SPNHC), an international society whose
mission is to improve the preservation, conservation and management of
natural history collections to ensure their continuing value to
society. See http://www.spnhc.org for membership information.
Advertising on NH-COLL-L is inappropriate.
_______________________________________________

Nhcoll-l mailing list
Nhcoll-l at mailman.yale.edu
https://mailman.yale.edu/mailman/listinfo/nhcoll-l

_______________________________________________
NHCOLL-L is brought to you by the Society for the Preservation of
Natural History Collections (SPNHC), an international society whose
mission is to improve the preservation, conservation and management of
natural history collections to ensure their continuing value to
society. See http://www.spnhc.org for membership information.
Advertising on NH-COLL-L is inappropriate.
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