[EAS]History of Bugs
pjk
pjk at design.eng.yale.edu
Tue Mar 13 15:24:12 EST 2001
Subject: History of Bugs
Edward Tenner's book is highly recommended to all engineers. --PJK
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(from NewsScan Daily, 13 March 2001)
WORTH THINKING ABOUT: THE HISTORY OF BUGS
Princeton University's Edward Tenner wants us to know that bugs,
those notorious enemies of technology, have been around long before
computers:
"The bug, that perverse and elusive malfunctioning of hardware
and later of software, was born in the nineteenth century. It was
already accepted shop slang as early as 1878, when Thomas Edison
described his style of invention in a letter to a European
representative: 'The first step is an intuition and it comes with a
burst, then difficulties arise -- this thing gives out and then that
-- "Bugs" -- as such little faults and difficulties are called --
show themselves, and months of intense watching, study and labor are
requisite before commercial success -- or failure -- is certainly
reached.'
"Edison implies that this use of 'bug' had not begun in his
laboratory but was already standard jargon. The expression seems to
have originated as telegrapher's slang. Western Union and other
telegraph companies, with their associated branch offices, formed
America's first high-technology system. About the time of Edison's
letter, Western Union had over twelve thousand stations, and it was
their condition that probably helped inspire the metaphor. City
offices were filthy, and clerks exchanged verse about the gymnastics
of insects cavorting in the cloakrooms. When, in 1945, a moth in a
relay crashed the Mark II electromechanical calculator that the Navy
was running at Harvard -- it can still be seen taped in the original
logbook -- the bug metaphor had already been around for at least
seventy-five years."
See http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0679747567/newsscancom/ for
Edward Tenner's "Why Things Bite Back." (We donate all revenue from
our book recommendations to Literacy Action's adult literacy
programs.)
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