Hideko the Bus Conductor

[Maria Jose Gonzalez]

Oh! What a fascinating train (or should I say bus) of thought!I don't have much time to elaborate on this now but a quick search confirms that "O-koma-san",the story on which Naruse's Hideko is based,was published in 1941.However,I was leafing through Volume 7 of Ibuse's "Collected Works" (in my possession because of Arigato-san) and I found a short story titled "Tosa Bus",in which he talks about a conductress,dating from 1939.Moreover,in this story the narrator tells about how he has often been scolded by both driver and conductress on many occasions.On one of them,the writer asks the driver to stop along the way in a place with no bus stop (a regular practice all the same).However,the driver gets very angry at him and says:"You fool (the original is "Aho"),haven't you heard about the gasoline restrictions? If you want to get off here,wait until the next stop and then walk.And if it is a pee you want,put up with it!".The story then describes the nice
 conductress and how she talks to the passengers and marvelling on the landscape.I don't have the "Okosama" story on which supposedly Hideko is based but Tosa Bus is certainly its origin.It refers as well to a rural area .Another interesting aspect of having a film about buses at this time can be linked to one of Japan's most popular slogans in 1940 and relative to the "Shin Taisei Undo" (New Structure Movement) which was pushing Japan towards militarism through an intellectual base.The slogan,listed as one of the most popular phrases of that year,was "Basu ni nori okure na!" (Do not miss the bus!") where the bus stands for Germany,demanding that "Japan seize this momentum and enact the Tripartite Act with Germany and Italy" (Kazuo Yagami's "Konoe Fumitaro and the failure of peace in Japan").Naruse's audience was thus very much aware of the imagery a bus could conjure up so yes,this idyllic rural comedy could have been transgressing ideas of national
 policy in the form of a much needed comedy with Deko-chan,the girl of the moment,at a time when Japan was getting deep into the war.At this point,we have a myriad of interpretation possibilities opening before us...A bus going nowhere?Ways to save a bus?Competition between buses?And if we compare this bus with Shimizu's,we have a topic for a dissertation.There's loads more but no time now.;-)
Maria-Jose Gonzalez




--- On Mon, 28/2/11, Roger Macy <macyroger at yahoo.co.uk> wrote:

From: Roger Macy <macyroger at yahoo.co.uk>
Subject: Hideko the Bus Conductor
To: "KineJapan" <KineJapan at lists.acs.ohio-state.edu>
Date: Monday, 28 February, 2011, 10:19 AM



 
 


 

Dear Kinejapaners,

 
I wonder if some of you could help me 
understand a few things about Naruse's 1941 film, Hideko  
no sashō-san .  Actually, 
the reason I had ferreted out a copy of this film was something I came across in 
Asia magazine ('the journal of the 
American Asiatic Society') for August 1940 by Stafford Cripps (p399-401). [He 
was a Labour ex-minister, would soon be appointed by Churchill as ambassador to 
Moscow and was later Chancellor of the Exchequer.  He had just visited China and Japan] 
:- 
"The lack of gasoline supplies was obvious in the buses converted to 
use water-gas and the almost complete absence of private cars on the 
streets.  While I was in Tokyo a 
committee of the Diet was discussing the breakdown of rural bus transport and 
the appropriate Minister solemnly explained to them that this was really a 
blessing in disguise, since the Japanese were tending to become lazy and it 
would do them good to walk instead of travelling in buses 
!" 
It made me 
wonder whether the Takamine/ Naruse film, made immediately after this, was quite 
the innocent rural idyll that I had read about.  It certainly didn't matter for my 
Takamine obit. for The Independent, 
which was long filed - it appeared this week, tinkered, and all eleven words 
about her war-time filmography were cut. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/hideko-takamine-japanese-actress-whose-film-career-spanned-half-a-century-2221668.html 
 So this is just for anyone who's 
interested. 
In this deeply 
rural location, there's a shortage of passengers but not of fuel.  Neither bus that we see, has been 
converted, and one bus overtakes its rival to get to the customers first.  No-one, except the industrious Deko-chan 
has to walk anywhere.  But is this 
supposed to be in the now?   Unless Cripps and the Transport Minister 
made it all up, isn't this referring to a 'then'?  I think the script carefully hedges its 
bets here - although if anyone could unpack this sentence of Audie Bock (undated 
Film Center 'Naruse' Catalog), I'd appreciate it: "The story is of course 
largely autobiographical on the part of Ibuse" [Ibuse Masuji].  I presume she means the part of the 
writer, Ikawa, in the story.  But 
had Ibuse already published this story ? 
Catherine 
Russell is helpful and insightful as ever, particularly about Takamine's persona 
in the closing shots.  But Catherine 
reads the film's end, as others do, as "Okoma and Sonoda have triumphed over 
their indolent, corrupt boss to save the company".  I thought - but the disc I obtained is 
terrible, so I would be happy to be corrected - that we had just 
previously cut back to the office and learnt that the boss had sold the bus, 
sacked the staff and was closing the office tomorrow.   We could hope that the new owner might 
judge that Deko-chan had more mileage in her than that bone-shaker of a bus and 
include her in the deal, but we shouldn't count on it.  Which would make the pure optimism of 
the closing shot not only poignant  
but religious, a point that Catherine observes about these wartime films 
a little earlier. 
And my final 
question - In the scene just before this, Deko-chan is teasing her 
driver-colleague, that the departed writer, Ikawa, had likened him to a 'ninjin' 
in a French film.  One could argue 
that reference to a French film in late 1941 was also referring back to a 
previous period.  But what French 
film is this with a carrot - oriental or occidental ? 
   
Any suggestions 
or corrections appreciated, 
Roger 


-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: http://mailman.yale.edu/pipermail/kinejapan/attachments/20110227/b7cfe1c8/attachment.html